Pinus densiflora

The study of allelopathy has a long history. According to Rice (j>), Lee and Monsi (6 ) found a report by Banzan Kumazawa in a Japanese document sane 300 years old that rain or dew washing the leaves of red pine (Pinus densiflora) was harmful to crops growing under the pine. This was substantiated by these workers (6j in a series of experiments. Historically, this is considered to be the first report on allelopathy. 

Serpula lacrymans Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) 15 61 Takahashi eta/. (1 989)... 

Hata K et al. Seasonal and needle age-dependent changes of the endophytic mycobiota in Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora needles. Can J Bot 76 245-250, 1998. 

Vegetation under the trees in Japanese red pine, Pinus densiflora, forests is sparse despite the fact that the interior of these forests is one of the brightest among forests (22,23). Many other forests have dense undergrowths of herbs in spite of much lower light intensities. Various parts of red pine and the soil under it contained chemicals toxic to many potential understory plants. Thus, it was concluded that allelopathy probably plays an important role in retarding understory growth. 

Kodan A, Kuroda H, Sakai F. 2002. Stilbene synthase from Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) implications for phytoalexin accumulation and down-regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 3335-3339. 

Figure 4.17 Growth of Lyophyllum tylicolor under certain defined conditions using humus. The humus was collected from a Pinus densiflora forest in the suburbs of Kyoto and brought to the laboratory at Kyoto University. As a pretreatment, the humus was dressed with 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg of urea per 1 gram of fresh material (from left to right) and incubated at 20°C. After 5 days, it was dried at 40°C, sterilized by gamma-irradiation, put in the plastic cup (23 mm in inner diam and 47 mm in depth), inoculated with hyphal suspension of this fungus, and incubated again at 20°C. Photograph was taken after further 10 days. (From Yamanaka, T., Ph.D. diss., Kyoto University, 2002. With permission.)...

O-Methyl cedrusin-4 -0-a-L-rhamnopyranoside Figure 7 Oviposition stimulants for Monochamus alternatus contained in Pinus densiflora. 

Figure 1 Effect of acetylation on the decay resistance of wood against Tyromyces palustris (A). Serpula lacrymans (B), Coriolus versicolor (C), and soil burial (D). (O) Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), ( ) Japanese red pine Pinus densiflora) (A) albizzia (Albizia falcata), (A) Japanese beech (Fagus crenata). Relative weight loss = Wj/Wi X 100, W, weight loss of control wood W2. weight loss of acetylated wood.

Pinus banksiana Lamb./Bankusumatsu Pinus densiflora S. et Z./... 

Chung S. W., Bae J. O., Koh K. S., et al, 1992. Effects on the stracture on productivity of Pinus rigida stands and the responses of Pinus densiflora seedlings to simulated acid rain. In A study on the assessment of damage by air pollutants and acid rain (II), Report of National Institute of Environmental Research Repubhc of Korea, 137-209. 

The thickness of the various layers of an early tracheid (spring wood cell) of Pinus densiflora (see Fig. 3) has been measured by electron microscopy and found to be as follows P = 0.06, St = 0.31, Sj = 1.93, and S3 = 0.17 /am. The walls of late-wood tracheids (summer-wood cells) are much thicker, especially at the S2 layer, and the difference in density of the bands that contain these two types of cell creates the annual rings. 

Lee J, Gwak K, Park J, Park M, Choi D, Kwon M, Choi I. (2007b). Biological pretreatment of softwood Pinus densiflora by three white rot fungi. J Microbiol, 45, 485 91. 

C18H32O16 504.441 Isol. from the partial acid and enzymic hydrolysates of several mannans e.g. ivory nut (Phytelephas macrocarpa). Palmyra pahn (Borassus flabellifer), galactoman-nans e.g. lucerne (Medicago sativa), seeds of Sesbania aegyptiaca, glucomannans e.g. white spruce (Picea glauca), Larix decidua, jack pine (Pinus banksiana), Bletilla striata and Narcissus tazetta. Isol. from enzymic hydrolysates of brown copra metil, sapwood of Pinus densiflora. Constit. of commercial soybean syrup. Cryst. (EtOH). 

Park, J.S. and G.H. Lee, 2011. Volatile compounds and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of the needles of Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii. J. Sci. Food. Aerie.. 91(4) 703-709. 

Pisum sativum Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus mungo Phaseolus aureus Lactuca sativa Raphanus sativus Arachis hypogaea (axes) Pinus densiflora Pinus thunbergii Pseudo tsuga menziesii Trifolium incarnatum Zea mays Glycine max Lathyrus odoratus... 

A number of other seeds exhibit a similar pattern of respiration to that of peas (see Table 5.1). The lengths of Phases I-IV are variable from species to species, e.g. in Phaseolus mungo they are much abbreviated, and radicle emergence and Phase III commence after only 6 h from the start of imbibition [89]. On the other hand, in Pinus densiflora Phase I alone takes two days for completion [57]. Even in pea, the lengths of these phases vary as a function of temperature, moisture availability and ambient oxygen concentration. 

Jack pine see Pinus banksiana Japanese red pine see Pinus densiflora... 

Pinus densiflora (Japanese red pine) 34, 136 Pinus lambertiana (sugar pine) 121... 

Sogo M, Ishihara T, Hata K 1966 Chemical studies on the bark. XIII. On the hydrogenolysis of the outer bark lignin of Pinus densiflora. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 112 96-101... 

Although calcium ions were the major inorganic contributors to the increase in turbidity caused by the extractives of the bark of Broussonetia papyrifera, aluminum and magnesium also interacted strongly (162). The wood extractives of Pinus densiflora and Cryptomeria japonica caused a much greater increase in turbidity with aluminum and magnesium than with calcium ions... 

J. H. Lee et al. Contact and fumigant toxicity of Pinus densiflora needle hydrodistillate constituents and related compounds and efficacy of spray formulations containing the oU to Dermatophagoides farinae. Pest Manag Sci, 69, 696, 2013. 

---