BW Agent Production

Al-Hakam BWfacility, Iraq UNSCOM inspectors installing monitoring cameras, 1995. This site was the primary BW agent production plant in Iraq. Note the large fermenter on the left. (Courtesy of United Nations, Photograph by H. Arvidsson.)... 

In 1969 and 1970, President Richard Nixon issued National Security directives renouncing all offensive development and production of microbial and toxin agents. By 1972, all anti-personnel BW agent stocks and munitions were destroyed. The United States also terminated all offensive research, closed or cleaned up all offensive facilities, and turned them over to other govern-... 

Boiler water foaming and frothing is undesirable because it contributes to overheating, carryover, and loss of operational control. As a result, antifoam and defoamer products are commonly employed in BW treatment programs. The same active ingredients are also widely used in all types of industrial processes (industrial grades), as well as in cosmetic, food, potable water, and kosher applications (all agents typically are odorless, colorless, and tasteless). 

BW-755C and its congeners can be considered as reducing agents either because they are dihydroaromatic compounds, or because of the presence of a hydrazine moiety, which is easily oxidized. In the latter vein, the amid-razone CBS-1114 (100) inhibited platelet CO and 12-LO, the release of 5-LO products from human or rabbit neutrophils (1-10 /M), and leukocyte... 

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