Bluff

Unpredictable. Disks and plates tend to wobble, while fuller bluff bodies tend to rotate. 

Gas Burners Gas burners may be classified as premixed or non-premixed. Many types of flame stabilizer are employed in gas burners (see Fig. 27-32). Bluff body, swirl, and combinations thereof are the predominant stabilization mechanisms. 

Tsuchiya, M., S. Murakami, A. Nochida, K. Kondo, and Y. Ishida. 1997. Development of a new i-e model for flow and pressure fields around bluff body. /. Witid Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, vols. 67-68, pp. 169-182. 

Klippe./. cliff, rock, crag bluff reef. Klippfisch, m. stockfish, dried fish, klirren, v.i. clink, clatter, rattle, scratch, Klischee, n. engraved plate, stereotype, cliche electrotype, electro. 

Utilizing a forced-draft fan, the burner has a gas head arranged to mix the fuel and air in a blast tube which controls the stability and shape of the flame. Gas exits from nozzles or holes in the head and is mixed partly in the high-velocity air stream and partly allowed to exit into an area downstream of a bluff body. Behind the bluff body, a relatively quiescent zone forms which provides a means for flame stability. Many configurations exist, but the most... 

When a bluff body is interspersed in a fluid stream, the flow is split into two parts. The boundary layer (see Chapter 11) which forms over the surface of the obstruction develops instabilities and vortices are formed and then shed successively from alternate sides of the body, giving rise to what is known as a von Karman vortex street. This process sets up regular pressure variations downstream from the obstruction whose frequency is proportional to the fluid velocity, as shown by Strouai. 9. Vortex flowmeters are very versatile and can be used with almost any fluid — gases, liquids and multi-phase fluids. The operation of the vortex meter, illustrated in Figure 6.27, is described in more detail in Volume 3, by Gjnesi(8) and in a publication by a commercial manufacturer, Endress and Hauser.10 ... 

The standard formulation of Jessner s solution is listed in Table 3.1. Modified Jessner s solutions that do not contain resorcinol are also available (Delasco, Council Bluffs, lA) (Table 3.2). 

F.H. Wright and E.E. Zukowsky 1962, Flame spreading from bluff-body flame holders, Proc. Combust. Inst. 8 933-943. 

A bluff-body stabilized flame of CH4/H2 in air (designated HMl by Dally et al. [22]) (a) time-averaged photograph of flame luminosity, (b) time-averaged streamlines from LES, (c) instantaneous visualization of OH "luminosity" from LES, and (d) instantaneous temperature field from LES. (b and d are adapted from Raman, V. and Pitch, H., Combust. Flame, 142,329,2005. With permission.)... 

Dally, B. B., Masri, A. R., Barlow, R. S., and Fiechtner, G. J., Instantaneous and mean compositional structure of bluff-body stabilized nonpremixed flames. Combust. Flame, 114, 119, 1998. 

Raman, V. and Pitsch, H., Large-eddy simulation of a bluff-body-stabilized non-premixed flame using a recursive filter-refinement procedure. Combust. Flame, 142, 329, 2005. 

Pine Bluff Arsenal, Pine Bluff, AR 71602-9500 2NASA National Space Technology Laboratories (NSTL), Sverdrup Technology Inc., Technical Services Laboratory, NSTL Station, MS 39529... 

Eddie and McIntyre, F.L. Improved Mixing. Granulation and Drying of Highly Energetic Pvromixtures Pine 8luff Arsenal, Pine Bluff. Arkansas 71602-9500 (1986). 

Garcia, David J. Aikman, Loy M. McIntyre, F.L. and Shook, Thomas E. Ramd Plant Scaie Mixing Granulation and Loading of Drv Materials Purina the Manufacture of Colored Smoke Munitions Pine Bluff Arsenal, Pine Bluff,... 

Since World War II, Pine Bluff Arsenal has produced millions of white phosphorus (WP) munitions for the United States Department of o Defense. White phosphorus has a specific gravity of 1.728 at 145 F (the temperature that is normally used for WP filling operations) and melts at 111.4 F it ignites spontaneously in atmospheric air and generates a dense white 6moke, phosphorus pentoxide (P Oc). 

A project (No. 5751274) was approved and funded by the Army s Production Base Modernization and Expansion Project Management Office to prove out the Pine Bluff Arsenal volumetric filling concept on a production basis. 

Description of the Pine Bluff Arsenal Volumetric Filling Concept... 

The Pine Bluff Arsenal white phosphorus volumetric filling system (U.S. Patents 4,002,268, 11 January 1976, and 4,043,490, dated 23 August 1977) was conceived and developed by Pine Bluff Arsenal in 1973 and has been used in filling UP munitions since early 1974. 

Figure 2. Pine Bluff Arsenal WP volumetric filling system.

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