Pin arrays

We use a 384-pin array to dehver 100 nL of compound to each well (8). The advantage of this approach is that a small volume of compound is used and dilution of compound stock in growth medium is not necessary. The disadvantages of this method include occasional compound precipitation in growth medium and the appearance of a concentration gradient across the monolayer within a well. 

The execution of the parallel synthesis of up to 96 single compounds by the Multipin method involves pipetting the reactants to each well of a 96-well microtiter plate. The pin array is then placed on top of the plate and the resin is allowed to incubate with the reactants to perform the coupling step. The reaction temperature can be raised to 90°C by placing the reaction block into an incubator. Following each reaction step, the pin array is removed and treated in batch to wash the solid support. These operations are repeated until the desired combinatorial synthesis is completed. The resulting compounds can then be removed from the pins into individual wells on a microtiter plate, each of which ideally contains one single compound. 

Pin array (array of pins that form the wells in the OCT)... 

An array of pins is used to form wells in the frozen OCT see Fig. 1). We constructed a 5 x 5 pin array of 23-G hollow pins spaced 2 mm apart that... 

The pin array can be fabricated out of metal or constructed with needles in a plastic/modeling clay holder. Hollow needles are preferred so that a vacuum does not form when the pins are removed from the frozen OCT. Syringe needles of 23-G work well. The layout of the needles in the mold can be user defined, but should be asymmetric to include at least one locating pin. Needles can be... 

The first three investigators use tine type electrodes that are either the 100-pin array (devised by Dick Norman), and used by Donoghue and colleagues [2], or the Michigan probe used by Schwartz et al. [3j. Anderson and colleagues use their version of the array [ 1 ]. Nicholelis et al. use micro wires they have devised [4]. Let us take these characteristics point by point. Kennedy is the only one to use the NE so far [5,9,10]. 

Methodology (PIXE evaluation software packages, detector systems [UTWSi(Li), PIN array], pPIXE chambers with precision goniometer and sample location setup, and nanobeam configurations). 

This paper presents die results of a calculational study of four critical experiments. The objective of the study was to calculate Keff for fast test reactor (FTR) pin arrays moderated by water and partially reflected by concrete. Calculations using the same methods for critical, water-reflected and -moderated FTR pin arrays show good agreement with experiment. However, some discrepancy is shown to exist between calculated and experimental Keff values for these four partially concrete-reflected pin arrays. 

During September 1978, four critical experiments involving fast test reactor fuel pins iimnetsed in water and partially reflected with concrete were performed at Battdle Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). Documenitation of the experiments has been published elsewhere. Figure 1 shows the axial configuration of the pins. used in fire experiments. In all of the experiments, the pin arrays were surroimded with 0,40 m of concrete. Approximately 0.02 m of water was between the outehnost pins and the concrete reflector. 

Calculations presented in this paper indicate that n Keff bias exists in the KENOIV/CSRL representation of these experiments. Considering the calculations of the water reflected FTR pin array experiments, the demonstrated bias in these four experiments appears to be related to fire partial... 

Pin- and daub-transfer processes are also mass-transfer methods, but comprise less than 10% of the adhesive-dispensing processes used in production. In pin transfer, hard tooling consisting of an array of pins corresponding to the positions on the circuit board where components are to be attached is fabricated. The pin arrays are dipped into atray containing the... 

Using appropriate software the change in the fingerprint coefficient with time for each pair of pins enables a graphical representation of the corrosion pattern to be developed with quantitative estimates of the loss in wall thickness across the area covered by the pin array. 

---