Pimpinella 28:from

The main component of star anise oil, as in anise oil, is /rans-anethole (86 93%) [779 782bj. Pure anethole can be obtained by rectiflcation (see p. 127). Star anise oil has replaced true anise oil derived from Pimpinella anisum in the production of natural anethole. 

Tabanca et al. (2006) analysed essential oils from 15 Pimpinella species by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-... 

Embong, M.B., Hadziyev, D. and Molnar, S. (1977) Essential oils from spices grown in Alberta - anise oil (Pimpinella anisum). Canadian journal of Plant Science 57, 829-837. 

Kleiman, R., Plattner, R.D. and Weisleder, D. (1988) Antigermination activity of phenylpropenoids from the genus Pimpinella. journal of Natural Products 51 (2), 249-256. 

Kosalec, I., Pepelinjak, S. and Kustrak, D. (2005) Antifungal activity of fluid extract and essential oil from anise fruits (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae). Acta Pharmaceutica 55(4), 377-385. 

Park, I.K., Choi, K.S., Kim, D.H., Choi, I.H., Kim, L.S., Bak, W.C., Choi, J.W. and Shin, S.C. (2006) Fumigant activity of plant essential oils and components from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), anise (Pimpinella anisum) and garlic (Allium sativum) oils against Lycoriella ingenua (Diptera Sciaridae). Pest Management Science 62(8), 723-728. 

Rodrigues, V.M., Rosa, P.T.V., Marques, M.O.M., Petenate, A.J. and Meireles, M.A.A. (2003) Supercritical extraction of essential oil from aniseed (Pimpinella anisum F) using COq solubility, kinetics, and composition data, journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51(6), 1518-1523. 

Tabanca, N., Demirci, B., Ozek, T., Kirimer, N., Baser, K.H.C., Bedir, E., Khan, I.A. and Wedge, D.E. (2006) Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of essential oils from Pimpinella species gathered from Central and Northern Turkey, Journal of Chromatography A 1 11 7(2), 194-205. 

Acer nikoense (Aceraceae) aglycone from e/K-Rhododendrin Foeniculum mlgare, Pimpinella anisum (Apiaceae), Citrus aurantium (bitter orange), C. limon (lemon), C. paradisi (grapefruit), C. sinensis (orange) (Rutaceae) [fruit]... 

Anise Seed Oil (Pimpinella anisum) There are consistently high concentrations of anethole in anise seed no matter where the oil comes from. In case you don t believe me you can check out the sources below ... 

Anise Oil Pimpinella anisum) In general, anise seed oil contains anywhere from 1 -5 % methyl chavicol. The Egyptian and Turkish sources are typically the highest. 

In our continuing search for antimicrobial agents from tropical plants, several phenylpropanoids, for example, anethole (15) from the seeds of Pimpinella anisum (Umbelliferae) (41), and eugenol (16), methyleugenol (17) and safrole (18) in addition to anethole from the seeds of Licaria puchuri-major (Lauraceae)... 

Anise oil is obtained from the fruit of Pimpinella anisum, L., which is cultivated chiefly in Russia, but also in Spain, Holland, Bulgaria, France, Turkey, Cyprus and many other places. 

In France, it is the custom before a meal to partake of an aperitif, usually an aniseed-flavoured spirit called pastis. Pastis (e.g. Ricard , Pernod ) when it comes out of the bottle is a clear, light brown coloured solution of volatile oils from the seeds of the anise plant (Pimpinella anisum), which impart the characteristic aniseed flavour to the drink, dissolved in approximately 40% v/v ethanol. When a pastis is drunk, it is mixed with water and ice, whereupon the liquid becomes cloudy. This happens because the anise oils are hydrophobic, non-polar liquids and not very water-soluble. They are only held in solution by the high alcohol content of the drink. When the alcohol is diluted with water, the oils come out of solution and form an emulsion of oil droplets in the aqueous phase. This is what gives the drink its cloudy appearance. Oral solutions of anise oils have been used pharmaceutically for their carminative action and as an aid to digestion for many years, although it seems to this author preferable to consume anise oils in the form of a pastis, rather than in the form of a bottle of medicine. 

BA and its derivatives, originally considered only as synthetic substances exhibiting cytokinin activity, were later found as native cytokinins in plants, namely in Populus robusta leaves, first in the early seventies [70,71], later also in other plant species in the eighties Zantedeschia aethiopica fruits [72,73], Pimpinella anisum cell culture [74], primary tomato crown gall mmour [75]), and in the nineties Populus x canadensis Moench cv. Robusta [76,77], Elaeis guineensis [78]). BA-derivatives were frequently detected in plants as products of exogenous BA metabolism and/or uptake from culture medium (recently e.g. [79,80], reviewed in [81]). 

The angular pyranocoumarin seselin (5), which was first isolated from Seseli indicum and later from Foeniculum vulgare, occurs also in Apium graveolens, A. leptophyllum, Carum roxburghianum and Pimpinella heyeana. The linear pyranocoumarins do not occur in Umbelliferae. 

Tabanca, N., S.I. Khan, E. Bedir, et al. 2004. Estrogenic activity of isolated compounds and essential oils of Pimpinella species from Turkey, evaluated using a recombinant yeast screen. PlantaMed. 70(8) 728-735. 

Synonyms Aniseed Anise fruit Anise seed Pimpinella anisum Definition Pimpineiia anisum Properties Sweet, soft, mild flavor Toxicoiogy Can cause contact dermatitis Storage Protect from light Uses Natural flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals carminative, mild expectorant... 

Definition Volatile oil derived from the dried ripe fruit and seeds of Pimpinella anisum, contg. 80-90% anethole, methylchavicol, anisaldehyde Properties Colorless or pale yel. liq. crushed fruit odor, sweet aromatic taste freely sol. in chloroform, ether sol. in DMSO, 95% ethanol, acetone sol. in 3 vols. alcohol sol. < 1 mg/ml in water dens. 0.978-0.988 (25/25 C) m.p. 17 C solid, pt. 15 C min. b.p. 232 C flash pt. 92.8 C ref. index 1.553-1.560... 

Velasco-Neguerelo, A., J. PSrez-Alonso, P.L. Perez de Paz, C. Garcia Vallejo, J. Pala Paul, and A. Inigo, 2002. Chemical composition of the essential oils from the roots, fruits, leaves and stems of Pimpinella cum-brae link growing in the Canary Islands (Spain). 468-471. 

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