Fumigant activity

Kim-Soon, I.L., Park Chan, Ohh Myung Hee, Cho Hyung Chan and Ahn Young Joon (2003) Contact and fumigant activities of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils against Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera Anobiidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 39(1), 11-1 9. 

Chang, K.S. and Ahn, Y.J. (2002) Fumigant activity of (f)-anethole identified in lllicium verum fruit against Blattella germanica. Pest Management Science 58(2), 1 61 -1 66. 

Essential oil from anise shows potent fumigant activity against the larvae of Lycoriella ingenue (Dufour). /rans-Anelhole, the chief constituent of the anise oil, was toxic with an LC50 value of 0.20jxl/1 (Park etal., 2006). Essential oils extracted from the seeds of anise exhibit significant repel-lency against the adult females of the mosquito, C. pipiens (Erler et al., 2006). 

Park, I.K., Choi, K.S., Kim, D.H., Choi, I.H., Kim, L.S., Bak, W.C., Choi, J.W. and Shin, S.C. (2006) Fumigant activity of plant essential oils and components from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), anise (Pimpinella anisum) and garlic (Allium sativum) oils against Lycoriella ingenua (Diptera Sciaridae). Pest Management Science 62(8), 723-728. 

Phorate is a soil insecticide and acaricide with considerable contact, systemic, and fumigant activity against a wide range of insects on a variety of crops such as bean, corn, cotton, peanuts, potatoes, and wheat. It has an oral LD50 in rats of 2-4 mg/kg. 

It has both protective and curative properties and is acropetally transported, protecting the treated crop, including newly developed leaves, for 3-4 weeks. It exhibits strong fumigant activity. Fenpropimorph controls Erysiphe graminis and Puccina spp. on wheat, barley, oats and rye, and Rhizoctonia spp. on cotton (Goebel, 1983). 

Kim, D.-H. and Y.-J. Ahn, 2001. Contact and fumigant activities of constituents of Foeniculum vulgare fruit against three coleopteran stored-product insects,, 57 301-306. 

Park I-K, Shin S-C (2005) Fumigant activity of plant essential oils and components from garlic (Allium sativum) and clove bud (Eugenia caryophyllata) oils against the Japanese termite (Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe). J Agric Food Chem 53 4388-4392... 

Park IK, Kim L-S, Choi I-O, Lee Y-S, Shin S-C (2006) Fumigant activity of plant essential oils and components from Schizonepeta tenuifolia against Lycoriella ingenua (Diptera Sciaridae). J Econ Entomol 99 1717-1721... 

Wang J, Zhua F, Zhoua XM, Niua CY, Lela CL (2006) Repellent and fumigant activity of essential oil from Artemisia vulgaris to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae). J Stored Prod Res 42(3) 339-347... 

Catalysis. Catalytic properties of the activated carbon surface are useful in both inorganic and organic synthesis. For example, the fumigant sulfuryl fluoride is made by reaction of sulfur dioxide with hydrogen fluoride and fluorine over activated carbon (114). Activated carbon also catalyzes the addition of halogens across a carbon—carbon double bond in the production of a variety of organic haUdes (85) and is used in the production of phosgene... 

Microbial biomass nitrogen Chloroform fumigation extraction Indicates biologically active fraction of soil nitrogen various methodologies controls nutrient cycling dependent upon organic inputs Rice et al. (1996)... 

Microbial biomass P Chloroform fumigation extraction Indicate biologically active fraction of soil phosphorous control P cycle dependent upon organic amendments Brookes et al. (1982)... 

The document lists common technical grade pesticides and recommended classihcations together with a listing of active ingredients believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as pesticides, pesticides subject to the prior informed consent procedure, limitations to trade because of the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) convention (UN 2001), and gaseous or volatile fumigants not classified under these recommendations. 

Carbon tetrachloride is a stable chemical that is degraded very slowly, so there has been a gradual accumulation of carbon tetrachloride in the environment as a consequence of releases from human activities. Until 1986, the largest source of release was from the use of carbon tetrachloride as a grain fumigant, but this practice has now been stopped. Other releases of carbon tetrachloride may occur during carbon tetrachloride production or during the use of carbon tetrachloride in the manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons and other chemical products. 

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