Physicochemistry properties

TABLE 5.4 Physicochemistry Properties and Volume of Distribution of Amiodarone and Azithromycin... 

Only to a minor extent the task of a formulation is to improve the absorption process which is normally and mainly driven by the passive diffusion of the compound. This is somehow in contrast with the cases where special heroic formulation efforts allowed repeatedly to rescue compounds and to compensate for their poor physicochemical properties. A good and integrated formulation approach should therefore always consider physicochemistry of the compound first relating it to THE key information of any formulation activity namely to the envisaged DOSE. 

C S 7 = 2.5 > P H = 2.1) affords bonds that possess a high ionic character and are strongly polarized +C-F [38] this alters sterically and electronically the properties of the molecules, affecting the physicochemistry such as basicity or acidity of neighboring groups and strengthens all nearby bonds [39]. 

The principal properties of synchrotron radiation of interest as a spectroscopic source or excitation source in physicochemistry are as follows (8) ... 

PHYSICOCHEMISTRY AND BASIC ADME PROPERTIES FOR HIGH LIPOIDAL PERMEABILITY DRUGS... 

Table 3.2 Physicochemistry and pharmacokinetic properties of drug compounds.

Its important that, in contrast to homogeneous materials, nanoparticles have extremely developed interfacial surfaces that show excess energy thus they are often called energy-saturated systems. Properties peculiar to them serve as the base for relating them to the fifth aggregate state of the substance. These materials are the subject of a new developing scientific branch physicochemistry of nanoparticles (sometimes called nanochemistry or the physics of clusters). Successes in this field are closely related to the development of synthesis methods (Table 4). 

It is worthwhile mentioning a new direction in physicochemistry of nanoparticles chemistry of gigantic clusters. A number of synthesis methods for com-pormds with metal-metal links whose nuclearity reaches several hundreds have been elaborated lately. It was noted earlier that severe conditions of synthesis (i.e., the large specific area Sjp of nanoparticles, which is also characterized by small-size morphological elements) can induce variations in the nanoparticles physicochemical properties and even the violation of the expected atomic structure. Extremely high (or low) temperatures and velocities of the processes and various outer effects (e.g., fast condensation or quenching) assist in formation of nonequilibrium, so-called frozen states in growing y-nuclei particles. 

In this chapter I present the current state of three aspects in physicochemistry of nanoparticles critical for understanding structure and properties of nanocomposites. This also relates to adsorption and chemisorption of macromolecules on nanoparticle surfaces from solutions the generation of interfaces phenomena of surface conductivity and specific interactions that depend on the chain origin and length, its conformation, the composition of copolymers and so on. In polyelectrolytes similarly charged with nanoparticles, hydrophobic polymers are inclined to associate ionic groups and form domains as microphases of ion regions. 

This chapter focused on the physicochemistry of gemini surfactants. Several interesting properties have been shown to result from their peculiar structure. In the field of applications the most interesting properties are doubtless the... 

The physicochemistry of silicones gives access to unique features because silicones are soluble neither in water nor in organic oils, so that the silicone part in silicone surfactants contributes hydrophobic as well as oleophobic properties to the molecule. 

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