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Physical states solid

The study of the infrared spectrum of thiazole under various physical states (solid, liquid, vapor, in solution) by Sbrana et al. (202) and a similar study, extended to isotopically labeled molecules, by Davidovics et al. (203, 204), gave the symmetry properties of the main vibrations of the thiazole molecule. More recently, the calculation of the normal modes of vibration of the molecule defined a force field for it and confirmed quantitatively the preceeding assignments (205, 206). [Pg.53]

IR spectra can be recorded on a sample regardless of its physical state—solid liquid gas or dissolved m some solvent The spectrum m Eigure 13 31 was taken on the neat sample meaning the pure liquid A drop or two of hexane was placed between two sodium chloride disks through which the IR beam is passed Solids may be dis solved m a suitable solvent such as carbon tetrachloride or chloroform More commonly though a solid sample is mixed with potassium bromide and the mixture pressed into a thin wafer which is placed m the path of the IR beam... [Pg.559]

Observabie Characteristics - Physical State Solid Color White Odor None. [Pg.33]

Phases are often described in terms of the physical state — solid, liquid, or gas, and the number of components. The classification of the physical state is usually unambiguous. Thus, at ambient (near room temperature and pressure)... [Pg.3]

Intermolecular forces are responsible for the existence of several different phases of matter. A phase is a form of matter that is uniform throughout in both chemical composition and physical state. The phases of matter include the three common physical states, solid, liquid, and gas (or vapor), introduced in Section A. Many substances have more than one solid phase, with different arrangements of their atoms or molecules. For instance, carbon has several solid phases one is the hard, brilliantly transparent diamond we value and treasure and another is the soft, slippery, black graphite we use in common pencil lead. A condensed phase means simply a solid or liquid phase. The temperature at which a gas condenses to a liquid or a solid depends on the strength of the attractive forces between its molecules. [Pg.300]

As a compound water is remarkable. It is the only inorganic liquid to occur naturally on earth, and it is the only substance found in nature in all three physical states, solid, liquid and vapour (Franks, 1983). It is the most readily available solvent and plays a vital role in the continuation of life on earth. Water circulates continuously in the enviromnent by evaporation from the hydrosphere and subsequent precipitation from the atmosphere. This overall process is known as the hydrologic cycle. Reports estimate that the atmosphere contains about 6 x 10 litres of water, and this is cycled some 37 times a year to give an annual total precipitation of 224 X 10 litres (Franks, 1983 Nicholson, 1985). [Pg.32]

Physical state Solid Solid Needles or powder Crystalline powder... [Pg.376]

Physical state Solid metal Solid crystalline... [Pg.535]

Water is a very structurally versatile molecule. Water exists in all three physical states solid, liquid, and gas. Under extremely high temperature and pressure conditions, water can also become a supercritical fluid. Liquid water can be cooled carefully to below its freezing point without solidifying to ice, resulting in two possible forms of supercooled water. In the solid state, 13 different crystalline phases (polymorphous) and 3 amorphous forms (polyamorphous) of water are currently known. These fascinating faces of water are explored in detail in this section. [Pg.11]

Food materials (ingredients or whole systems) can be composed of matter in one, two, or all three physical states solid (crystalline or amorphous or a combination of both), liquid, and gas. The crystalline state is an equilibrium solid state, whereas the amorphous glassy state is nonequilibrium solid state. The main transitions that occur between the physical states of materials of importance to foods are summarized by Roos and Karel (1991) and Roos (2002). The most important parameters affecting the physical state of foods, as well as their physicochemical properties and transition temperatures, are temperature, time, and water content (Slade and Levine, 1988 Roos, 1995). Pressure is not included in this list, as food materials usually exist under constant pressure conditions. [Pg.65]

An infrared spectrum can be obtained for a sample of an organic compound regardless of its physical state (solid, liquid, gas or dissolved in a solvent). Infrared radiation is passed through the sample in the spectrometer. Some wavelengths are absorbed, causing bond vibrations within the molecules. The transmitted radiation then passes to a detector where the intensity at different wavelengths is measured. An Infrared spectrum, like that shown in the diagram, is obtained. [Pg.75]

Physical state Solid Solid Solid Solid... [Pg.164]

Physical state Solids are generally more Solids Solid must first be Solid Gases are most easily Solids. For gases,... [Pg.360]

Pressure (psia) Temperature (°F) Physical state (solid (S), 46 40 80 95 100 ... [Pg.56]

The dipole moment effects of halogen atoms are sizeable (though very similar because their electronegativity varies inversely with size) and they differ from those of such other simple groups as CH3, CF3 and CN (see Table 5). Dipole moment effects are important among those that influence the relative populations of conformers of a substance as a function of its physical state (solid, liquid, gas) or the presence of a solvent. [Pg.93]

The core is at the center of our planet and has a diameter of approximately 2500 km. It is believed that it has two physical states solid in the inner core and liquid in the outer core. The core as a whole is composed primarily of Fe and Ni. With respect to the association of Fe and Ni, we can say that probably because of the high temperatures, the rotations of the Earth, and its density, molten iron moved at some point toward the center of the Earth. As it moved in this direction, the iron came in contact with elements of less negative (i.e., more positive) reduction potentials and reduced them to the elemental state. For... [Pg.78]

The barrier efficiency of lipids also depends on their physical state (solid fat content at the temperature of use, crystalline form, etc.). Indeed, many lipids exist in a crystalline form and each individual crystal is impervious to water vapour. Water flow permeates mainly between crystals and the intercrystalline packing arrangement has major consequences on the barrier properties of the material (Martini et al. 2006). [Pg.554]


See other pages where Physical states solid is mentioned: [Pg.497]    [Pg.910]    [Pg.70]    [Pg.64]    [Pg.13]    [Pg.171]    [Pg.74]    [Pg.13]    [Pg.165]    [Pg.910]    [Pg.19]    [Pg.409]    [Pg.22]    [Pg.49]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.95]    [Pg.315]    [Pg.316]    [Pg.241]    [Pg.27]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.331]    [Pg.497]   


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