Phthalocyanine pigments properties

Phthalocvanine Pigments In the blue-green region of the color spectrum the formulatofs requirements are well met by the phthalocyanine pigments, which represent some of the best cost for performance values in the industry. As a class, these pigments, which were discovered serendipitously in an ICI research lab, share the following desirable properties ... 

These along with other properties of the phthalocyanine pigments are summarized in Table 2. 

Definition Bright blue copper phthalocyanine pigment avail, in the a or p crystal modification Empirical C32H16CUN8 Formula (C6H4C2N)4N4Cu Properties Bright blue microcryst. with purple luster insol. in water, alcohol m.w. 576.08 Toxicology LD (oral, rat) >15 g/kg, (IP, rat) > 3 g/kg TSCA listed... 

Keywords anthraquinone pigment, bath-dyeing, color masterbatch, color properties, concentrate, dispersant, dry-cleaning fastness, dry rubbing, dyeability fastness, dyeing, exhaust process, mass-coloration, phthalocyanine pigment, pigmentation. 

In the following sections I will apply the same rule, which means that I will count only 5 % of all phthalocyanine pigments as HPPs, i.e. approximately 3500 tons of the total volume of approximately 70 000 tons. This principle seems also to be accepted indirectly by the protagonists of the fastness property criteria otherwise they would have to contest the overall well-accepted estimations of the proportion of HPP in the total organic pigment market (Table 9-1). 

In recent years, several excellent treatises on copper phthalocyanine pigments have been written, focusing on the synthesis, properties and traditional applications of this remarkable family of truly high performance pigments. In no way is the objective in this chapter to replicate such stand-alone works rather it is to expand the reader s horizon to include several of the more high performance and non-tradi-tional application areas which continue to extend the creative possibilities for this class of product. 

Pigment addition may affect the properties of a polymer adversely or advantageously. Carbon black is the classical case of a pigment which, when incorporated into polyolefins, has been found to improve their ageing properties. Phthalocyanine pigments and certain cadmium reds may also enhance polyolefin ageing properties although to a lesser extent than carbon black. 

Phthalocyanine pigments. A limited colour range of blues and greens is available. The basic structure is an extremely chemically stable copper complex with outstanding heat, light and non migratory properties. 

Uses Antisagging agent, antlsettling agent for coatings, solvent systems dispersant esp. for difficult-to-wet pigments such as carbon bik. and phthalocyanine blue Properties Dens. 7.4 Ib/gal Gardner vise. B-C 100% act. 

Incorporation of less than a stoichiometric amount of alkyl sulfonamides of copper phthalocyanines into copper phthalocyanine improves the pigment s properties in rotogravure inks (67). Monomeric and polymeric phthalocyanine derivatives with basic substituents adsorb strongly to the pigment surface and promote the adsorption of binder molecules (68—72). 

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