Phthalates dibenzyl phthalate

Comparison of Table 5.4 and 5.7 allows the prediction that aromatic oils will be plasticisers for natural rubber, that dibutyl phthalate will plasticise poly(methyl methacrylate), that tritolyl phosphate will plasticise nitrile rubbers, that dibenzyl ether will plasticise poly(vinylidene chloride) and that dimethyl phthalate will plasticise cellulose diacetate. These predictions are found to be correct. What is not predictable is that camphor should be an effective plasticiser for cellulose nitrate. It would seem that this crystalline material, which has to be dispersed into the polymer with the aid of liquids such as ethyl alcohol, is only compatible with the polymer because of some specific interaction between the carbonyl group present in the camphor with some group in the cellulose nitrate. 

Although bisphenol A polycarbonate is plasticized by a 30% concentration of dibutyl phthalate or dibenzyl sebacate (Table III), as has been reported (6, 7), a higher concentration is required for effectively plasticizing the polycarbonates of bisphenols I and II (Tables I and II). Perhaps the reason for this is the appreciably lower mobility of polymer chains containing bulky, three-dimensional, polycyclic structures than chains of the bisphenol A polycarbonate. So even though a plasticizer may weaken the secondary attraction forces between polymer chains,... 

To give the semipermeable membrane flexibility, plasticizers such as phthalates (dibenzyl, dihexyl, or butyl octyl), triacetin, epoxidized tal-late, or tri-isoctyl trimellitate are added.18 In the design of osmotic controlled release systems, these plasticizers help to modulate and achieve the required release rate. 

Benzyl y-phenylacrylate. See Benzyl cinnamate Benzyl phenylformate. See Benzyl benzoate Benzyl 3-phenylpropenoate Benzyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate. See Benzyl cinnamate Benzyl phthalate Synonyms Dibenzyl phthalate Empirical C22H18O4 Fonnula C6H4(COOCH2C6Hs)2 Properties M.w. 346.14 m.p. 42-44 C b.p. 277 C Uses Plasticizer for PVC, paints and acrylic coatings, caulks and sealants based on chlorinated rubber, butyl rubber, polysulfides, or PU... 

Dibenzyl ketone. See 1,3-Diphenyl-2-propanone Dibenzyl monosulfide. See Benzyl sulfide Dibenzyl phthalate. See Benzyl phthalate Di benzyl sebacate Synonyms Decanedioic acid, bis (phenylmethyl) ester Sebacic acid, dibenzyl ester... 

Benzophenone Butyl acetyl ricinoleate Butyl laurate Butyl oleate Butyl stearate Butyl tallate Calcium stearate Castor (Ricinus communis) oil Coumarone/indene resin 2,2 -Dibenzamidodiphenyl disulfide Dibenzyl adipate Dibutoxyethoxyethyl adipate Dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl sebacate Didecyl phthalate... 

Production of benzyl butyl phthalate is complicated by the need to use two different substituents. Studies show that many side reactions may take place, that change proportions of three potential phthalates (dibutyl, dibenzyl, benzyl butyl). The proportion of the three components determines properties of the plasticizer. The secondary reactions of hydrolysis leading to formation of unwanted components (dibutyl and dibenzyl) were found to be at a minimum when pH of reaction medium was slightly basic. ... 

Note DES-diethyl sebacate, DBS-dibutyl sebacate, DOS-dioctyl sebacate, DMP-dimethyl phthalate, DOP-dio-ctyl phthalate, DHP-dihexyl phthalate, DBP-dibutyl phthalate, DNP-dinonyl phthalate, DDP-didodecyl phtha-late, DEPh-diethyl phosphate, DBPh-dibutyl phosphate, DBA-dibutyl adipate, DOA-dioctyl adipate, TCPh-tricresyl phosphate, TBPh-tributyl phosphate, BBP-hutyl henzyl phthalate, BBS-butyl benzyl sebacate, BBA-butyl benzyl adipate, DNBAA-dinonyl ester of benzylsuccinic acid, TGM-3-trioxyethylene-a,C0-dimethacrylate, LZ-7-ester of diethyleneglycol and synthetic fatty acids of the C -Cg fraction, DBCF-dibutylcarbitol formal, DBE-dibenzyl ether. 

Aromatic mineral oil plasticizers are highly compatible with nitrile rabber, NBR, naphthenic oils are only partially compatible, and paraffinic mineral oil plasticizers are incompatible with nitrile rabber.Dibenzyl ether, phthalates, and poly glycol ether are the most freqnently nsed plasticizers in NBR. Also, synthetic or fatty acid esters, vulcanized vegetable oils (factice), " chloroparaffins, and phosphate plasticizers are infrequent use. 

Polyester resins, cross-linked butyl ben l phthalate (containing not more than 1.0 wt% of dibenzyl phthalate), dibutyl ph alate, dimethyl phdialate, triphenyl phosphate... 

Figure 3.3 Separation of phthalate plasticisers using Zipax support. Column and carrier -same as Figure 3.2 flow rate 0.50 ml/min, sample 10.6 pi of a mixture of 0.40 pl/ml each of didecyl phthalate and decyl benzyl phthalate and 0.35 mg/ml of dibenzyl phthalate in heptane Reproduced from Majors, Journal of Chromatographic Science [1]...

Oligomeric PET model compounds have been widely used to study enzymatic hydrolysis of PET, since their degradation is faster and easier to analyze compared to a polymeric substrate. Diethyl terephthalate (DET), diethyl p-phthalate (DP), h/i(benzoyloxyethyl) terephthalate (PET trimer), ethylene glycol dibenzyl ester (BEB), and hA-(p-methylbenzoic acid)-ethylene glycol ester (PET dimer) have been employed (Eig. 2). Their degradation by PET hydrolases from Fusarium solani [27, 38], T. insolens [1, 5, 48, 101], P. mendocina [25, 49], T. fusca [26, 27, 38], Burkholderia cepacia [26, 27, 38], Aspergillus oryzae [103], Bacillus spp. [87], and porcine liver esterase [109, 110] has been reported, and the corresponding hydrolysis products have been partially characterized (Table 1). 

Another measure of entanglement spacing is, of course. Me, the critical value for the influence of entanglements on steady flow viscosity. It also varies with dilution in a manner that can be determined from careful analysis of the dependence of viscosity on molecular weight and concentration, though data of high accuracy are required. Studies of polyfvinyl acetate) in diethyl phthalate and cetyl alcohol and polystyrene in dibenzyl ether, as well as other systems reviewed by Berry and Fox, ° support the expectation that Me, like Me, is proportional to njMe = M z, where M% is the value for the undiluted polymer. (A slight difference in the concentration dependences of Me and Me, probably too small to detect experimentally, has been predicted by Kelley and Bueche. )... 

Detailed studies of poly(vinyl acetate) in diethyl phthalate and cetyl alcohol and polystyrene in dibenzyl ether by Fox, Berry, and collaborators, in which the concentration dependence of fb was determined from temperature-dependence data, showed that i o/fo was proportional to (cA/) - over wide concentration ranges as would be specified by equation 27 with Me = At lower concentrations... 

Benzyl chloride is used mainly to produce plasticizers (eg. benzyl butyl phthalate), benzyl alcohol, and phenyl acetic acid via benzyl cyanide (used for the production of penicillin). Small-scale uses are for quaternary ammonium salts, benzyl esters, dyes, dibenzyl disulfide, benzyl phenols, and benzylamines. 

Benzyl Phthalate n A solid plasticizer mp of 42°C, and bp of 277° C/15 mmHg. Also known as Dibenzyl Phthalate. 

Plasticizers. Softeners are sometimes employed with nitrile rubbers to improve tack and adhesive properties. They are added to high nitrile content rubbers to aid processability. Conunonly employed in cement applications are esters (e.g., dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, tributoxy ethyl phosphate, dibenzyl sebacate), ester gums. 

---