PhRMa research-based manufacturers

According to pharmaceutical research-based manufacturers (PhRMa), the representative body of the research-based pharmaceutical companies (3), in 2003, PhRMa member companies invested an estimated 33.2 billion in research to develop new treatments for diseases—an estimated 17.7% of domestic sales on R D—a higher R D to sales ratio than any other U.S. industry, which averages around 4% of sales (3). 

PhRMA is a trade association of over 100 research-based pharmaceutical companies. For membership a company must manufacture and market finished dosage-form products under its own brand names and must conduct a significant amount of research and development in the United States. 

There are six parties directly involved in ICH as well as observers and the International Federation of Pharmaceufical Manufacturers Association (IFPMA see Table 25.1). The six parties are the founder members of ICH, and fhey represenf fhe regulatory bodies and the research-based industry in the European Union (EU), Japan, and the United States in the EU, the European Federation of Pharmaceufical Indusfries and Associations (EFPIA) and the Ministry of Healfh, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan, the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA) and in the United States, the FDA and the Pharmaceutical Researchers and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA). 

Figure 1.2 R D investments by research-based US pharmaceutical companies. Source. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA). Pharmaceutical Industry Profile 2006. http //www.phrma.org/files/2006%20Indusry%20 Profile.pdf, and http //www.phrma.org/news room/press releases/r%26d spending by u.s. biopharmaceutical companies reaches a record %2455.2 billion in 2006/ [accessed July 7, 2007].

Further examples of R D investments into drug research by research-based US pharmaceutical companies from 1980 to 2006 are shown in Fig. 1.2. The enormous spending on R D has escalated in recent years. According to reports by The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), US pharmaceutical companies have almost doubled their R D spending every five years since 1980. Out of every five dollars earned in sales, a dollar is put back into R D. In 2006 the US pharmaceutical industry spent 55.2 billion to develop new drugs. 

PhRMA (2003), A Risk-Based Approach to cGMPs, White Paper, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturing of America. 

Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) The PhRMA represents the research-based industry in the United States. The Association has 67 companies in membership, which are involved in the discovery, development and manufacture of prescription medicines. There are also 24 research affiliates that conduct biological research related to the development of drugs and vaccines. 

The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), 1100 Fifteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. U.S.A. Phone +1 202-835-3400, Fax +1 202-835-3414. URL http //www.phrma.org. PhRMA represents the leading research-based pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies in the United States. It serves as the political arm of the pharmaceutical industry and seeks to influence public health... 

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