Photon-recoil spectroscopy

Another metrological application of simple atoms is the determination of values of the fundamental physical constants. In particular, the use of the new frequency chain for the hydrogen and deuterium lines [6] provided an improvement of a value of the Rydberg constant (Roc)- But that is not the only the constant determined with help of simple atoms. A recent experiment on g factor of a bound electron [27,11] has given a value of the proton-to-electron mass ratio. This value now becomes very important because of the use of photon-recoil spectroscopy for the determination of the fine structure constant [41] (see also [8])-... 

A study of the electron mass is now of interest also because of determination of the fine structure constant a from the photon-recoil-spectroscopy [22,23], A measurement of the recoil frequency shift... 

In the near future a small improvement in 1 can be expected from ongoing determinations of fr/me in measurements of the photon recoil in Cs atom spectroscopy and a Cs atomic mass measurement [29], The present limitation for accuracy of aj1 arises mainly from the muon mass uncertainty. Therefore any better determination of the muon mass, e.g. through a precise measurement of the reduced mass shift in Z zvls2s, will result in an improvement of 1. 

In recent years, in addition to theoretical developments, e.g., reptationW and tube theories,(i3,i4) iYiqyq have been many new analytical techniques,5) such as electron-induced X-ray fluorescence, the NMR field gradient method, forced Rayleigh scattering (FRS), forward recoil spectrometry (FRES), photon correlation spectroscopy, Rutherford back scattering. 

Surprisingly, however, we found that the major limitation to our experimental accuracy was due to the recoil imparted by photons to atoms. The radiation forces are of course well-known, being used for laser cooling, nevertheless their effect in precision spectroscopy is often disregarded as the interaction time be-... 

Laser-induced fluorescence photofragment spectroscopy studies with state-selective interfragment recoil measurement have not been performed to any appreciable extent. A preliminary kind of experiment has recently been carried out in an MPD case by using the time-of-flight technique under bulk condition and with rather limited spectral resolution. A Doppler spectroscopy study has been carried out in a one-photon dissociation case where electronically excited fragments were produced under bulk condition, and linewidth measurement was made in emission interferomet-rically. A first experiment with tunable LIF detection has been made recently by McDonald et al., who dissociated HN3 at 266 nm and... 

Fe conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) is an interesting technique for studying reactions taking place on, or near, the surface of materials which contain iron in one form or another [9]. The decay processes following the resonant excitation of a Fe nucleus are shown in Fig. 8. The number of photons and electrons produced following the capture of 100 resonant 14.4 keV recoil-free y-ray photons is indicated in this figure. 

See also Activation Anaiysis Neutron Activation Charged-Particle Activation Photon Activation. Atomic Emission Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Atomic Mass Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Mass Spectrometry Overview. Surface Analysis Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission Auger Electron Spectroscopy Ion Scattering Nuclear Reaction Analysis and Elastic Recoil Detection. X-Ray Fluorescence and Emission Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. 

The photons emitted by the de-excitation of nuclear levels that are populated in the course of radioactive decays can be resonantly scattered. Nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments can give information on the velocity distribution of recoil atoms and the chemical modifications following transmutations and on the slowing-down process of hot atoms. This technique can be applied in gaseous, liquid, and solid systems, giving an advantage over Mossbauer spectroscopy. Nuclear resonance fluorescence has been reviewed, with particular reference to the following systems ... 

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