Photon activation

Photon activation, usually with shortwave ultraviolet radiation, which can occur by the direct activation of a reactant or by the activation of an intermediate. ... 

Two methods based on photon activation have recently been developed laser and photo CVD. These methods are still essentially in the experimental stage. 

Although following similar nuclear reaction schemes, nuclear analytical methods (NAMs) comprise bulk analysing capability (neutron and photon activation analysis, NAA and PAA, respectively), as well as detection power in near-surface regions of solids (ion-beam analysis, IB A). NAMs aiming at the determination of elements are based on the interaction of nuclear particles with atomic nuclei. They are nuclide specific in most cases. As the electronic shell of the atom does not participate in the principal physical process, the chemical bonding status of the element is of no relevance. The general scheme of a nuclear interaction is ... 

The most probable reactions occurring in photon activation analysis (PAA) are ... 

C. Segebade, H.-P. Weise and G.J. Lutz, Photon Activation Analysis, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (1988). 

PAA Photon activation analysis PLC Preparative layer chromatography... 

Aras, N.K., Zoller, W.H., Gordon, G.E. and Lutz, G.J. (1973) Instrumental photon activation analysis of atmospheric particulate material. Analytical Chemistry, 45(8), 1481-90. 

Various other techniques that have applied to the determination of antimony in multi-cation analysis include atomic absorption spectrometry (Sect. 2.55), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (Sect. 2.55), neutron activation analysis (Sect. 2.55) and photon activation analysis (Sect. 2.55). 

Official methods have been published for the determination of exchangeable and extractable magnesium in soils [131]. Magnesium is extracted from the soil with 1M ammonium acetate and determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The determination of magnesium in soils is also discussed under Multi-Metal Analysis of Soils in Sects. 2.55 (atomic absorption spectrometry), 2.55 (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry), 2.55 (photon activation analysis) and 2.55 (ion chromatography). 

The determination of titanium is also discussed under Multi-Metal Analysis of Soils in Sects. 2.55 (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry), 2.55 (emission spectrometry), and 2.55 (photon activation analysis). 

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