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Fine Structure Constants

In the case of electromagnetic interaction, the smallness is measured by that of the fine-structure constant a = 1/137. [Pg.409]

This formula for hydrogenlike atoms with nuclear charge Z, is often formulated in terms of the dimensionless fine-structure constant a = 4Tre0hc/e2 as... [Pg.212]

A convenient measure of the importance of relativistic corrections is given by the ratio Aei of Z to the fine-structure constant (e2/(hc) — 137, a dimensionless ratio of fundamental physical constants)... [Pg.545]

R.R. Nair, P. Blake, A.N. Grigorenko, K.S. Novoselov, T.J. Booth, T. Stauber, et al., Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene, Science, 320 (2008) 1308. [Pg.36]

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Fine-structure constant, Sommerfeld

Gravitational fine-structure constant

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Quantum fine structure constant

Structural constant

Structure constants

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