Photochemical surface

In recent years there has been considerable interest in the structure of biological membranes, and photochemical reagents capable of yielding low resolution structural information about membrane proteins have been developed. Several examples of photochemical surface-labeling reagents have appeared, and much effort has been devoted to the development of photoactivatable hydrophobic reagents for labeling from within the lipid bilayer. 

Photochemical surface labeling reagents introduced by Staros and Richards (1974) have a number of potential advantages. First, the high... 

A macromolecular, photochemical surface labeling reagent was developed by Louvard et al. (1976). It comprised a Fab fragment of a human myeloma protein with which 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenylazide (Table 5.1.1c) had been reacted. Used at a concentration of 0.1 mM, this conjugate could be used to label the surfaces of sealed vesicles or it could be trapped inside vesicles and used to label from within. Louvard and colleagues focused their attention on the modification of aminopeptidase in intact brush-border membranes and demonstrated that the enzyme spans the bilayer. From the... 

Assuming a grain diameter of O.l/i, a cloud corresponding to % v 1000 in the Watson-Salpeter model, and a mean cross-section of 10 18 cm2 the mean abundance of complex molecules has been calculated as an equilibrium between production by photochemical surface reactions and destruction (see IV. E) by absorption of UV photons (Breuer, 1971). For a hydrogen density of nH =... 

As discussed in the previous section, a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transition of the surface complex (mechanism 1) and/or a Fe -O"11 charge-transfer of hematite (mechanism 2) are the oscillators involved in the surface photoredox reaction, leading to reductive dissolution of hematite in the presence of oxalate. The elementary steps and the derivations of the rate expressions of photochemical surface iron(II) formation of mechanism 1 and 2 are outlined in reactions 16-19, Eqs. 20-26, reactions 27-31, and Eqs. 32-37, respectively. 

The rate expressions is Eqs. 25, 26 and 36, 37 show that (1) for both mechanisms the rate of photochemical surface Fe11 formation, d Feli sutf/dt, depends on the concentration of adsorbed oxalate and (2) for mechanism 2, the rate also depends on the solid concentration. Furthermore, the quantum yield of surface iron(II) formation depends on whether mechanism one or two is operative. 

PHOTOCHEMICAL SURFACE REACTIONS OF POLYMERIC SYSTEMS LITHOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS... 

Photochemical surface reactions of polymer systems are an important field not only from the point of view of micro-electronic materials processing, but also from a more general scientific and materials application perspective. We have reviewed our studies in this field, which include investigations of excimer laser ablation, studies of the photo-oxidation of polymer surfaces, and the use of surface cross-linking and surface polymer depositions for microlithographic applications. With the increasing miniaturization of microelectronic devices, the fundamental and the applied aspects of surface photochemistry of polymers becomes increasingly important. 

Photochemical Surface Reactions of Polymeric Systems Lithographic Applications (H. Hiraoka)... 

Photochemical surface models [86], which normally require longer interaction times and/or higher laser fluences. 

Photochemical Surface Models Thermal Surface Models ... 

Photochemical Surface Decontamination Application to a Polychlorinated Biphenyl Spill Site... 

M.J. Swanson, G.W. Oppermann, Photochemical Surface Modification. Photografting of Polymers for Improved Adhesion, in Part 3 of [90],... 

Photochemical surface reactions, as discussed in Chapter 5.8.2, are negligible comparing with the huge amount of chloride. 

Ji, J. 1996. Fabrication and photochemical surface modification of photoreactive thin-film composite membranes and model development for thin film formation by interfacial polymerization. Ph.D. Dissertation, McMaster University. 

Sugawara T, Matsuda T (1995) Photochemical surface derivatization of a peptide-containing Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). J Biomed Mater Res 29 1047-1052... 

Photochemical surface reactions form their own class due to the fact that a thermodynamically uphill reaction (AG > 0) may be carried out with the aid of an external source of energy, light. In fact, one of the most important chemical reactions of our planet, photosynthesis, requires the input of 720 kcal/mol of energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to one mole of sugar ... 

Versace D-L, Ramier J, Grande D, Andaloussi SA, Dubot P, Hobeika N, Malval J-P, Lalevee J, Renard E, Langlois V. Versatile photochemical surface modification of hiopoly-ester microfibrous scaffolds with photogenerated silver nanoparticles for antibacterial activity. Adv Healthc Mater 2013 2 1008-1018. 

VER 13b] Versace D.-L., Ramier J., Grande D. et al., Versatile Photochemical Surface Modification of Biopolyester Microfibrous Scaffolds with Photogenerated Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Activity , Advanced Healthcare Materials, vol. 2, pp. 1008-1018, 2013. 

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