Photochemical activation, noncatalytic surfaces

Noncatalytic surfaces (e.g., nonconductors, noncatalytic metals, noncatalytic semiconductors) have to be activated (i.e., made catalytic) prior to electroless deposition. This activation is performed by generating catalytic nuclei on the surface of a noncatalytic material. Two major types of processes have been used to produce catalytic nuclei electrochemical and photochemical. 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

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