Photoallergic

Photoallergic A reaction similar to other allergic reactions of the skin. 

Goossens, A., Photoallergic contact dermatitis, Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed., 20, 121, 2004. 

Tokura, Y., Immunological and molecular mechanisms of photoallergic contact dermatitis,. /. UOEH, 25, 387, 2003. 

Ichikawa, H., Armstrong, R.B. and Harber, L.C. (1981). Photoallergic contact dermatitis in guinea pigs improved induction technique using Freund s complete adjuvant. J. Invest. Dermatol. 76 498-501. 

For this reason some researchers consider that the 3T3 NRU test is sufficiently reactive to also permit the evaluation of a photogenotoxic or photoallergic potential of substances. 

In the future, more accurate in silico methods will hopefully become available in order to orientate chemical synthesis. Moreover, some new approaches should be developed or improved such as the detection of photoallergic potential and the production of more sophisticated industrial reconstructed skin models. 

The drug is effective against all four types of malaria with the exception of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum Chloroquine destroys the blood stages of the infection and therefore ameliorates the clinical symptoms seen in P. malariae, P. vivax, P. ovale, and sensitive P. falciparum forms of malaria. The disease will return in P. vivax and P. ovale malaria, however, unless the liver stages are sequentially treated with primaquine after the administration of chloroquine. Chloroquine also can be used prophylactically in areas where resistance does not exist. In addition to its use as an antimalarial, chloroquine has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus (see Chapter 36), extraintestinal amebiasis, and photoallergic reactions. 

There is also a case report of photoallergic reactions to intravenous pyridoxine hydrochloride.122... 

Suberythematous irritation Allergic contact dermatitis Photoallergic contact dermatitis Contact urticaria... 

Sommer, S., Wilkinson, S.M., English, J.S., and Ferguson, J., Photoallergic contact dermatitis from the sunscreen octyl triazone, Contact Dermatitis, 46, 304, 2002. 

Morliere, P. (1986) Drug-induced photosensitivity phototoxic and photoallergic reactions-a few molecular aspects, Biochemie 68, 849-855. 

Chlorpromazine [2-chloro-A-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)phenothiazine] is a frequently prescribed antipsychotic drug which causes both phototoxic and photoallergic reactions [49,50], UV irradiation of chlorpromazine (C1PZ) in solution is known to produce the chlorpromazine cation radical [51], as well as other photoproducts, which may go through radical intermediates [52], Under UV irradiation, the aryl radical resulting from dechlorination of chlorpromazine has been trapped using 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (MNP),... 

Drug-induced photosensitivity reactions are divided into phototoxicity (a nonimmunologic reaction) and photoallergic reactions (an immunologic reaction). The latter form is far less common. Medications associated with photosensitivity reactions include fluoroquinolones, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, phenothiazines, antihistamines, estrogens, progestins, sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, thiazide diuretics, and tricyclic antidepressants. 

The appearance of an intense absorption in the long-wavelength region after irradiation was proposed by Ippen as an in vitro preliminary test to predict possible photoallergic side effects of new phenothiazine drugs structure 24 is tentatively put forward by the same author for the photodecomposition product of chlorpromazine responsible for the allergic reactions. ... 

Urticaria and angioedema Allergic contact dermatoconjunctivitis Allergic contact dermatitis Photoallergic contact dermatitis Irritative or toxic contact dermatitis Phototoxic dermatitis Cumulative deposition... 

Goday Bujan JJ, Garcia Alvarez-Eire GM, Martinez W, del Pozo J, Fonseca E. Photoallergic contact dermatitis from aceclofenac. Contact Dermatitis 2001 45(3) 170. 

Photoallergic contact dermatitis has been described with sulbentine, probably through a breakdown product, benzylisothiocyanate (36). 

Although antihistamines are often used in the treatment of allergic conditions, topical use often produces skin sensitization and subsequent contact dermatitis (90,91). This effect occurs more often with the use of ethylenedia-mines and phenothiazines the latter also produce photo-allergic cutaneous reactions (92). A photoallergic contact dermatitis followed by a persistent light reaction was attributed to topical dioxopromethazine hydrochloride incorporated into a gel in a woman with periocular... 

Schauder S. Dioxopromethazine-induced photoallergic contact dermatitis followed by persistent light reaction. Am J Contact Dermat 1998 9(3) 182-7. 

There have been two other case reports of photoallergic dermatitis after local pharyngeal treatment with formulations containing benzydamine (6). This presumably occurs because of oral or intestinal absorption. 

Yamada S, Tanaka M, Kawahara Y, Inada M, Ohata Y. Photoallergic contact dermatitis due to diphenhydramine hydrochloride. Contact Dermatitis 1998 38(5) 282. 

Treudler R, Husak R, Raisova M, Orfanos CE, Tebbe B. Efavirenz-induced photoallergic dermatitis in HIV. AIDS 2001 15(8) 1085-6. 

The arylpropionic acid derivatives often cause allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis, and photoallergic dermatitis to ketoprofen, with cross-photosensitivity to benzophenone and tiaprofenic acid, has been reported (188). Photopatch tests to these substances were positive but patch tests were negative. 

A case of photoallergic contact dermatitis from aceclo-fenac has been reported (189). Photopatch tests were positive with aceclofenac 10% in petrolatum, but not with either aceclofenac 1% or 5% in petrolatum or with a series of NSAIDs and other analgesics (benzydamine hydrochloride 3 and 5%, bufexamac 5%, diclofenac 1, 5, and 10%, fepradinol 1%, ibuprofen 5%, indometacin 1, 5, and 10%, ketoprofen 1%, naproxen 5%, paracetamol 1, 5, and 10%, phenylbutazone 1%, piroxicam 1%, salicylic acid 1 and 5%, and thiosalicylic acid 0.1%, all in petrolatum). 

Ophaswongse S, Maibach H. Topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis and phototoxicity. Contact Dermatitis 1993 29(2) 57-64. 

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