Phosphorus trichloride naming

Laevo-menthone is converted into its oxime by means of hydroxylamine.. This is treated with strong sulphuric acid, and so inverted to isomenthone oxime. This is treated with phosphorus trichloride in chloroform solution, when hydrochloric acid is given off, and menthonitrile is formed. The last named is reduced by sodium into menthonylamine, and the oxalic acid compound of this is warmed with sodium niteite solution when, menthonyl alcohol is formed. This body has the following characters —... 

Another alternate synthetic method for the manufacturing of niclosamide is reported [1], Phosphorus trichloride (PC13) is slowly introduced into a boiling xylene solution containing 5-chlorosalicylic acid and 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline in equimolar ratio and the heating continued for 3 h. Crystals of niclosamide separate on cooling and are recrystallized from ethanol [7,8], van Tonder et al. [9] prepared and characterized three crystal forms of niclosamide namely the anhydrate and the two monohydrates. 

The first authentic synthesis of a bisphosphonic acid, l-hydroxyethane-l,l-bisphos-phonic acid (etidronic acid), was published by von Baeyer and Hofmann in 1897 [1], although it is possible that the same compound had already been obtained in 1865 by Menschutkin [2], The synthetic approach to BPs employed today differs only little from that used over a hundred years ago, and it is still based on the reaction of a carboxylic acid with phosphorus trichloride with the addition of some water [3], (Note BPs are usually represented as the free bisphosphonic acids the generic names given refer, however, to their salt forms.)... 

Phosphorus Trichloride, PC1S.—The action of chlorine on phosphorus was investigated by Gay-Lussac and Thenard,3 and also by Davy.4 It was shown that the phosphorus burns with a pale flame and that both a liquid and a solid compound are produced. The preparation of the pure liquid alone (namely, the trichloride) is best carried out in a retort (filled with dry carbon dioxide), the bottom being covered by a layer of sand. The dry and clean yellow phosphorus is introduced and melted in a current of dry carbon dioxide. The retort is kept in warm water and a current of dry chlorine is introduced through the inlet tube, which should be adjustable to the distance above the phosphorus which gives a brisk but not too violent reaction. The distillate may be purified by redistilling with a little yellow phosphorus. ... 

The prefix mono- may be omitted for the first element. For example, PCI3 is named phosphorus trichloride, not monophosphorus trichloride. Thus the absence of a prefix for the first element usually means there is only one atom of that element present in the molecule. 

The reaction of diphenylamine with phosphorus trichloride is interesting because after hydrolysis it leads to the ort/zo-substitution product, namely the phenophosphazine derivative (7) ... 

Although in this chapter we shall be restricting coverage to reactions of transition-metal complexes, the phenomenon of oxidative addition is not confined to this type of compound. Such reactions are also well established for non-transition metals—a recently reported example concerns the oxidative addition of methyl bromide to indium(i) bromide to give InBr2Me— and for non-metals, as in the reaction of phosphorus trichloride with chlorine, to cite a very familiar example. Likewise, reductive eliminations are known and studied outside the area of transition-metal complexes. One example has been mentioned in Chapter 1 of Part II of this volume, namely the elimination of alkyl halides from the thallium(iii) compounds TlRXa. ... 

Name the following compounds (a) P2S5 and (b) NC1V Am. (a) Phosphorus pentasulfide and (b) nitrogen trichloride. 

B. Pelletier23 obtained an antimony phosphide by the action of molten antimony on metaphosphoric acid with or without admixed carbon. B. Pelletier, and G. Landgrebe obtained a phosphide by the action of phosphorus on molten antimony, although W. Ramsay and R. W. E. Mclvor could obtain a product with only 1546 per cent, by direct action. The last-named prepared antimony monophosphide, SbP, by the action of phosphorus on a soln. of antimony tribromide in carbon disulphide. M. Ragg could not prepare the monophosphide by this process, nor by the action of phosphine on tartar emetic, or antimony trichloride. The phosphide prepared by the fusion processes is a brittle, white mass with a crystalline fracture the precipitated product is a red powder insoluble in carbon disulphide, ether, and benzene. O. Ruff found that phosphorus reacts with antimony chloride in the presence of aluminium chloride—vide supra, arsenic oxyphosphide. 

Naming becomes more difficult if the molecular complexity of a compound changes when it is fused or vaporized. Aluminum chloride is an ionic solid but vaporizes to dimeric molecules the solid is then aluminum trichloride whereas the vapor is dialuminum hexachloride. Similar considerations hold also for FeCl3, P2O5, and a number of additional compounds. Likewise, phosphorus(V) chloride is an appropriate name for PCI5 in the vapor state, but an ideal system of nomenclature should find some way of indicating that the solid consists of equal quantities of PCl and PClJf ions. It is a little difficult to decide just how much information about the structure of a compound must be included in its name before this name is to be considered adequate. 

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