Phosphorus-containing polymers properties

In this paper, the surface grafting of rayon fabrics with nitrogen and phosphorus containing polymers in cold plasma is studied. The analytical data (IR spectroscopy, TGA, electron microscopy, elemental analysis, etc.) indicate the formation of grafted copolymers. The grafted rayon fabrics present improved flame-retardant properties, the best behavior was proved by those grafted with polyurea of phosphinic acid. 

When I started working at Victor Chemical Works in 1942, my boss. Dr. Howard Adler, wanted me to look into the possibility of making some phosphorus-containing polymers. It is known that organic phosphorus compounds have flame retarding properties. To put things in the proper historical perspective, at that time vinyl polymers and nylon were relatively new commercial products. (Polymers such as the ethylene terephthalate polyesters and polycarbonate were not introduced to the market place until many years later.)... 

Funar-Timofei, S., Kurunczi, L. and lliescu, S. (2005) Structure—property study of some phosphorus-containing polymers by computational methods. Polym. Bull, 54, 443-449. 

Although no other phosphorus-containing polymers synthesized cationically have been commercialized, they exhibit interesting properties due to their composition, i.e., low flamability, flame retardancy and high efficiency to complex heavy metal ions. 

Phosphorus-containing polymers, especially those comprising vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) and vinylphosphonate moieties, have become attractive polymers on an industrial scale, due to their various applications based on the properties of the phosphonic group. In early applications, poly(VPA) and its derivatives were noted as efficient scale inhibitors in cooling and boiler water systems, by inhibiting the formation of calcium sulfate, carbonate, and phosphate and as flame retardants." ... 

In any discussion of applications involving biomaterials employed in bone and bone-interface materials the biomineralization processes will be a dominant aspect. As emphasized in a reeent paper by Habibovic and coworkers, our knowledge of the fundamental biomineralization processes as well as of the best biomaterial properties for these applications has increased enormously over the past decades. Phosphorus-containing polymers, in particular PMOEP, PMAEP, and PVPA, have all eontributed greatly... 

For flame-retardant polyester fibres the copolymerisation of phosphorus retardants is the most common method. However, a serious difficulty is that the phosphorus-containing polymer is easily hydrolysed. Work by the Toyobo Company Limited in Japan has shown that two identical PET fibres can offer differing properties depending on where the phosphorus compound is situated within the pol5mier chains. One has the addition as a side chain and the other an identical phosphorus compound in the polymer backbone. Both fibres had almost the same physical and flame retardant properties, yet the main-chain type hydrolysed around twice as fast as the side-chain type, and led to an immediate drop in toughness. 

Carja lonela-Daniela, Serbezeanu Diana, Lisa Gabriela, Vlad-Bubulac Tachita, and Hamciuc Corneliu. Thermal degradation and kinetic studies of new flame-retardant phosphorus-containing polymers with liquid crystalline properties. Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. 19 no. 4 (2014a) 372-382. 

Even if attention has not been focussed on the physical properties of phosphorus-containing dendrimers in this review, one can mention the high dipole moment values observed for these polymers up to 328 debyes for generation 11. 

In summary, linear phosphorus-containing poly(N-arylanilines) can be readily obtained by palladium-catalyzed C-P bond formation. Their physical properties strongly support electronic delocalization through o3-P centers along the polymer backbone, something that is switched off upon oxidation of the P atoms. 

Phosphorus and nitrogen containing polymers were synthesized according to literature data (14-16). The chemical structure and some physical and chemical properties of these polymers together with the modifications occurring in cold plasma are presented in Table I. 

Physical and chemical properties of the phosphorus and nitrogen containing polymers used In the grafting plasma processes ... 

Lin, C. H. and Wang, C. S., Novel phosphorus-containing epoxy resins part 1 Synthesis and properties, Polymer, 2001, 42, 1869-1878. 

Perez, R. M., Sandler, J. K. W., Altstaedt, V., Hoffmann, T., Pospiech, D., Artner, J., Ciesielski, M., Doering, M., Balabanovich, A. I., Knoll, U., Braun, U., and Schartel, B., Novel phosphorus-containing hardeners with tailored chemical structures for epoxy resins Synthesis and cured resin properties, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2007,105, 2744-2759. 

Ren, H., Sun, J., Wu, B., and Zhou, Q., Synthesis and properties of a phosphorus-containing flame retardant epoxy resin based on bisphenoxy(3-hydroxy) phenyl phosphine oxide, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 2007, 92, 956-961. 

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