Epoxy resin synthesis

Synthesis Epoxy resins consisting ofglycidyl ether, ester and amines are generally prepared by the condensation reaction between diol, dibasic acid or amine and epichlorohydrin in the presence of sodium hydroxide with the elimination of hydrochloric acid. The commercially available epoxy resins are, however, made by the reaction of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol-A. Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL)-based novolac epoxy resins have also been reported [342]. 

Synthesis and Properties. Several polymers containing HFIP-O groups have been investigated, the most common beeing epoxies and polyurethanes. The development of fluorinated epoxy resins and the basic understanding of their chemistry has been reviewed (127). 

Practical methods for synthesis and elucidation of the optimum physical forms were developed at Du Pont (13). The violets fill the void in the color gamut when the inorganics are inadequate. The quinacridones may be used in most resins except polymers such as nylon-6,6, polystyrene, and ABS. They are stable up to 275°C and show excellent weatherabiUty. One use is to shade phthalocyanines to match Indanthrone Blue. In carpeting, the quinacridones are recommended for polypropylene, acrylonitrile, polyester, and nylon-6 filaments. Predispersions in plastici2ers ate used in thermoset polyesters, urethanes, and epoxy resins (14). 

Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acids, coupling, 5, 403 decarboxylation, 5, 434 1-substituted synthesis, 5, 468 synthesis, 5, 362, 402, 484 Imidazole-4,5-dione, l-alkyl-2-phenyl-synthesis, 5, 129, 479 Imidazole-2,4-diones tautomerism, 5, 370 Imidazole-4,5-diones tautomerism, 5, 370 Imidazole-2,4-dithione, 5,5-diphenyl-tautomerism, 5, 370 Imidazole-2,4-dithiones tautomerism, 5, 370 Imidazolepropanol synthesis, 5, 486 Imidazoles accelerators epoxy resins, 1, 407... 

Crivello, J.V. and Lee, J.L., The synthesis, characterization and photoinitiated cationic polymerization of silicon-containing epoxy resins. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 28, 479-503 (1990). 

W. A. Romanchick, J. E. Sohn, and J. F. Geibel Synthesis, Morphology, and Thermal Stability of Elastomer-Modified Epoxy Resin, in ACS Symposium Series 221 — Epoxy Resin Chemistry II, R. S. Bauer (ed.), American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 1982, pp. 85-118. 

Report 91 Recent Developments in Epoxy Resins, I. Hamerton, University of Surrey. Report 118 Liquid Crystal Polymers - Synthesis, Properties and Applications, D. Coates, CRL Ltd. 

Uses. Reactive diluent for epoxy resins stabilizer for organic compounds chemical intermediate for synthesis of ethers and esters... 

Polyethers 101 derived from 1 were mentioned in a patent describing the synthesis and properties of epoxy resins, and linear polyethers were prepared from free 1, which was reacted with a,co-bischloroalkanes or 1,6-dibromohexane [17]. 

Calculations for a branched advancement synthesis are defined to permit development of well-characterized functionality in the product molecules. In this study, the difunctional epoxy resin monomer used is the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, Epon 828, and the multifunctional epoxy phenol novolac resin used is DEN 438. Let ... 

A concise synthesis of branched epoxy resins is presented. Stoichiometric calculations are discussed which treat the synthesis in an idealized statistical model. The calculations can be adapted to any well characterized reactants. 

This structure has superior water-resistant properties in comparison to conventional polyols used for PU synthesis. Room temperature cures are easily obtained with typical urethane catalysts. Short chain diols, fillers and plasticizers may also be used in their formulations in order to vary physical properties. Formulations usually with NCO/OH ratio of 1.05 are used for this purpose. Such urethanes are reported to be flexible down to about -70 °C. HTPB is regarded as a work horse binder for composite propellants and PBXs. HTPB also successfully competes with widely used room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicones and special epoxy resins for the encapsulation of electronic components. HTPB-based PUs are superior in this respect as epoxy resins change their mechanical properties widely with temperature. 

An outline of the general method of synthesis of epoxy resin and novolac epoxy resin are shown in Schemes 4.9 and 4.10 respectively. 

Allyl chloride is used to make intermediates for downstream derivatives such as resins and polymers. Approximately 90% of allyl chloride production is used to synthesize epichlorohydrin, which is used as a basic building block for epoxy resins and in glycerol synthesis. Allyl chloride is also a starting material for allyl ethers of phenols, bisphenol A and phenolic resins, and for some allyl esters. Other compounds made from allyl chloride are quaternary amines used in chelating agents and quaternary ammonium salts, which are used in water clarification and sewage sludge flocculation (Kneupper Saathoff, 1993). 

This chapter is meant to be an overview of ongoing studies of polysiloxane-modified epoxy resins. Because this research area is still quite young, it is not yet possible to write a standard review article. Presented here is the current status of a collaborative effort encompassing chemistry and synthesis of the modified networks, their morphology, their mechanical properties, and their friction and wear behavior. The earliest work in the synthesis and characterization of siloxane-modified networks was done by Riffle et al. 15). More recent research in the area of chemistry and synthesis has been carried out by Tran 17). 

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