Phosphate Tellurides

Polymer stabilization is another area in which the peroxide-decomposing and chain-breaking antioxidant properties of diorganotellurides has found utUity. Alone or in combination with phenol and phosphate antioxidants, electron-rich dialkylamino-substirnted diaryltellurides and alkylaryltellurides provided greatly enhanced polymer stability for a thermoplastic elastomer and for polypropylene. The effects were unique to the tellurides, with selenides not providing similar protective effects. ... 

Sodium telluride and sodinm 0,0-diethyl phosphorotellurolate, prepared respectively by the Te/NaBH4DMF method and by the reaction of elemental tellurium with NaH and 0,0-diethyl phosphate in ethanol, react with arenediazonium fluoroborates, giving good yields of diaryl tellurides. ... 

Important remarks are that starting from mixtures of ElZ enol derivatives, only the (Z)-vinylic tellurides are obtained, and comparative experiments demonstrate that alkyl tellurolates ( -,. t- and f-BuLi) react faster than the aromatic (PhMgBr, 2-ThLi), and that the reaction time is not influenced by the nature of the leaving group (phosphate, acetate, tosylate and triflate). 

Colloidal sulfide, selenide, telluride, phosphide, and arsenide semiconductor particles are prepared by the controlled precipitation of appropriate aqueous metal ions by H2S, H2Se, H2Te, PH3, and AsH3, respectively. Colloids are stabilized, typically, by sodium poly-phosphate. A large number of experimental parameters determine the size, size distribution, morphology, and chemical composition of a semiconductor particles in a given preparation. Concentrations, rates, and the order of addition of the reagents the counterions selected ... 

Diethylhydrogallium, see Diethylgallium hydride, 1715 Diethylhydroxytin hydroperoxide, 1757 Diethyllead dinitrate, 1686 Diethylmagnesium, 1681 Diethylmethylphosphine, 2030 Diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate, 3323 Diethyl 4-nitrophenyl thionophosphate, 3322 t 3,3-Diethylpentane, 3193 Diethyl peroxide, 1693 Diethyl peroxydicarbonate, 2440 Diethylphosphine, 1728 N- (D i ethylphosphinoy 1) h yd ro x y I a m i n e, 1746 Diethyl phosphite, 1727 Diethyl succinate, 3026 Diethyl sulfate, 1704 Diethyl sulfite, 1703 Diethyl telluride, 1711 Diethylthallium perchlorate, 1676 Diethyl trifluoroacetosuccinate, 3314 Diethylzinc, 1712... 

The preparation of the /3-haloenones starting materials sometimes requires acidic reaction conditions. In view of the synthetic potential of the vinylic tellurides (Section 9.13.8.2) associated with the above-commented stereoselectivity, enol phosphates are employed instead as starting materials for the preparation of vinylic tellurides, since enol phosphates can be prepared under very mild basic conditions. 

The reaction of enol phosphates 84 with lithium -butyl tellurolate 85a, generated by reaction of -butyllithium with elemental tellurium, occurs rapidly to give the corresponding vinylic tellurides 86 (Scheme 51). Mixtures of (Z)- and ( )-enol phosphates afford the (Z)-vinylic telluride as the only product. ... 

Thousands of compounds of the actinide elements have been prepared, and the properties of some of the important binary compounds are summarized in Table 8 (13,17,18,22). The binary compounds with carbon, boron, nitrogen, silicon, and sulfur are not included these are of interest, however, because of their stability at high temperatures. A large number of ternary compounds, including numerous oxyhalides, and more complicated compounds have been synthesized and characterized. These include many intermediate (nonstoicliiometric) oxides, and besides the nitrates, sulfates, peroxides, and carbonates, compounds such as phosphates, arsenates, cyanides, cyanates, thiocyanates, selenocyanates, sulfites, selenates, selenites, teflurates, tellurites, selenides, and tellurides. 

The heterocycle 74-Br (X = Br) was reduced with mild reducing agents, such as the thiol, glutathione, or sodium ascorbate, in a refluxing, two-phase system of chloroform and 0.25 M phosphate buffer at pH 8.9 to give the telluride 81 1998JOC177>. 

III) ions. Sm(III) can be reduced to Sm(II) under special conditions, but in solution it is rapidly oxidized to the + 3 state. With respect to the solid state, the halides (SmX2) and some chalogenides(II) (oxide, sulfide, selenide, and telluride compounds) have been obtained. SmEj, together with the oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, oxalate, and phosphate compounds are insoluble in aqueous solution. The halide, perchlorate, nitrate, and acetate compounds are water-soluble. 

Nitrogen and sodium do not react at any temperature under ordinary circumstances, but are reported to form the nitride or azide under the influence of an electric discharge (14,35). Sodium silicide, NaSi, has been synthesized from the elements (36,37). When heated together, sodium and phosphoms form sodium phosphide, but in the presence of air with ignition sodium phosphate is formed. Sulfur, selenium, and tellurium form the sulfide, selenide, and telluride, respectively. In vapor phase, sodium forms halides with all halogens (14). At room temperature, chlorine and bromine react rapidly with thin films of sodium (38), whereas fluorine and sodium ignite. Molten sodium ignites in chlorine and bums to sodium chloride (see Sodium COMPOUNDS, SODIUM HALIDES). 

The hosts that we have discussed to date have been ionic in nature, and dielectric as well (they are non-conductive). There is also another class of phosphor hosts which are covalent and semi-conductive in nature, namely the zinc and cadmium sulfides and/or selenides. The criterion for selection of a semi-conducting host for use as a phosphor includes choice of a composition with an energy band gap of at least 3.00 ev. This mandates the use of an optically inactive cation, combined with sulfide, selenide and possibly telluride. The ojq gen-dominated groupings such as phosphate, or silicate or arsenate, etc. are not semi-conductive in nature. And, none of the other transition metal sulfides have band gaps sufficiently... 

Tin iodide, 194 Tin oxides structure, 192,202 Tin phosphates, 222 Tin selenide structure, 202 Tin sulfate, 222 Tin sulfide structure, 202 Tin telluride structure, 202 Titanium, 323-358 coordination numbers, 327 discovery, 324 isotopes, 325,326 oxidation states, 327 preparation, 324 properties, 325... 

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