Phosphate oxygen isotopes

Suggestions that phosphatic minerals in mammals could be used, however, revived the interest in climate reconstruction in continental interiors. Aquatic, cold-blooded animals like fish have body temperatures and body water oxygen isotopic compositions that are directly dependent on the water in which they live. For these animals, a commonly used equation describes the relationships among temperature, water oxygen isotopic composition and phosphate oxygen isotopic composition as (Longinelli and Nuti 1973 verified by Kolodny et al. 1983, among others) ... 

Blake R. E. and Turekian K. K. (2000) Phosphate oxygen isotope composition of fish debris as a chronostratigraphic tool results from LL/14-GPC3 a Pacific red clay core. EOS 81(suppl. 2), F707. 

Oxygen isotopes of phosphate in seawater. Use of the oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate in biogenic hydroxyapatite (bones, teeth) as a paleotemperature and climate indicator was pioneered by Longinelli (1966), and has since been fairly widely and successfully applied (Kolodny et al., 1983 Shemesh et al., 1983 Luz et al., 1984). The relationship between phosphate oxygen isotopic fractionation and temperature originally proposed (Longinelli and Nuti, 1973) has been confirmed by later work (Blake et al., 1997 Colman, 2002). 

New methods for the isolation and purification of inorganic phosphate (Pj) from natural waters (Colman et al., 2000 Colman, 2002) have permitted phosphate-oxygen isotopic (5 0-Pj) analysis of dissolved seawater inorganic phosphate as a tracer of phosphate source, water mass mixing. 

The fi O-Pj system has also recently been applied to phosphates associated with ferric iron oxyhydroxide precipitates in submarine ocean ridge sediments (Blake et al., 2000, 2001). The gi O-Pj signature of phosphate associated with these authigenic Fe-oxyhydroxide precipitates indicates microbial phosphate turnover at elevated temperatures. The latter observation suggests that phosphate oxygen isotopes may be useful biomarkers for fossil hydrothermal vent systems. On the basis of this work, Blake et al. (2001) also hypothesize that authigenic phases extant on other planets may retain imprints of primitive biospheres, in the form of detectable and diagnostic fi O-Pj composition, imparted by biochemical, enzymatic processes. 

Colman A. S., Karl D. M., Fogel M. L., and Blake R. E. (2000) A new technique for the measurement of phosphate oxygen isotopes of dissolved inorganic phosphate in natural waters. EOS, Trans., AGU, F176. 

White, Christine D., Fred J. Longstaffe, Michael W. Spence, and Kim Law. 2000. Testing the nature of Teotihuacan imperiaUsm at Kaminaljuyu using phosphate oxygen-isotope ratios. Journal of Anthropological Research 56 535-558. 

A study of phosphorus in rocks 3.5 to 3.2 billion years old... R. E. Blake et al. Phosphate oxygen isotopic evidence for a temjjerate and biologically active Archaean ocean. 2010. Nature 464(7291), p. 1029. DOI 10.1038/nature08952. 

Bryant, J.D., Luz, B. and Froelich, P.N. 1994 Oxygen isotopic composition of fossil horse tooth phosphate as a record of continental paleoclimate. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 107 303-316. 

In parallel developments, oxygen isotope studies based on the stable phosphate ion in calcified tissues have been found to be more successful using enamel than bone as sample material (Ayliffe et al. 1994 Bryant et al 1994), and similarly oxygen isotopes from the less stable C—0 bond in enamel carbonate seems to be more predictable (Bocherens et al. 1996). Researchers exploring the relationship between Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and carbonate content in enamel have found that dates are mostly consistent when carbonate levels did not deviate much from biogenic levels (Grun et al. 1990 Rink and Schwarcz 1995). 

Ayliffe, L.K., Chivas, A.R. and Leakey, M.G. 1994 The retention of primary oxygen isotope compositions of fossil elephant skeletal phosphate. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58 5291-5298. 

Figure 6.4. Percent average humidity compared with 6 0 in bone phosphate. The strong association between the two variables across the species of Australian marsupials (data from Ayliffe and Chivas 1990) and North American white-tailed deer (data from Luz ei a/. 1990) indicates that their body water oxygen isotopic composition is strongly determined by the 8"0 in their diet since plant 8 0 varies in negative correlation with humidity.

Ayliffe, L.K. and Chivas, A.R. 1990 Oxygen isotope composition of the bone phosphate of Australian kangaroos potential as a palaeoenvironmental recorder. Geochimica et Cosmochim-icaActa 54 2603-2609. 

D Angela, D. and Longinelli, A. 1990 Oxygen isotopes in living mammal s bone phosphate further results. Chemical Geology 86 75-82. 

Huertas, A.D., lacumin, R, Stenni, B., Chillon, B.S. and Longinelli, A. 1995 Oxygen isotope variations of phosphate in mammalian bone and tooth enamel. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59 4299 305. 

Kolodny, Y., Luz, B. and Navon, O. 1983 Oxygen isotope variations in phosphate of biogenic apatites, I. Fish bone apatite—rechecking the rules ofthe game. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 64 398 04. 

Oxygen isotopes in mammal bone phosphate A new tool for paleohydrological and... 

B., Cormie, A.B. and Schwarcz, H.P. 1990 Oxygen isotope variations in phosphate of deer bones. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 5A-. 1723-1728. 

Luz, B., Kolodny, Y. and Horowitz, M. 1984 Fractionation of oxygen isotopes between mammalian bone-phosphate and environmental drinking water. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48 1689-1693. 

O Neil, J.R., Roe, L.J., Reinhard, E. and Blake, R.E. 1994 A rapid and precise method of oxygen isotope analysis of biogenic phosphate. IsraelJournal of Earth Sciences 42 203-212. 

Sharp, Z.D. and Cerling, T.E. 1995 A laser GC-IRMS method for in-situ carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of carbonates and phosphates. Geological Society of America, Abstracts Program 27 A255. 

Stuart-Williams, H.L.Q. and Schwarcz, HP. 1997 Oxygen isotopic determination of climatic variation using phosphate from beaver bone, tooth enamel, and dentine. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (iV. 2539-2550. 

Yoshida, N. and Miyazaki, N. 1991 Oxygen isotope correlation of cetacean bone phosphate with environmental water. Journal of Geophysical Research 96 815-820. 

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