Climate reconstruction

Suggestions that phosphatic minerals in mammals could be used, however, revived the interest in climate reconstruction in continental interiors. Aquatic, cold-blooded animals like fish have body temperatures and body water oxygen isotopic compositions that are directly dependent on the water in which they live. For these animals, a commonly used equation describes the relationships among temperature, water oxygen isotopic composition and phosphate oxygen isotopic composition as (Longinelli and Nuti 1973 verified by Kolodny et al. 1983, among others) ... 

Gray, J. (1985), The use of stable isotope data in climate reconstruction, in Wigley, T. M. L., M. J. Ingram, and G. Farmer (eds.), Climate and History Studies in Ancient Climates and Their Impact on Man, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK. 

Keywords Air pollution, Alpine glaciers, Climate reconstruction, Ice core, Natural archives... 

Answer 15.5 Yes, it seems ideal, as it provides an unmixed sample of an established age, coinciding with the last glacial maximum (i.e., a phase of an extreme climate). A higher concentration of the heavier atmospheric noble gases is expected, and if found, it will support the colder climate reconstruction. 

Either 6D or profiles can be indifferently used as a climatic record. Different choices have been made by various teams. The climate reconstruction is based on the interpretation of the 6D profile for Vostok, Dome B, old Dome C and EPICA Dome C, and on for all the other cores. Interestingly, measuring both isotopes on the same core brings additional information about the changes affecting the oceanic sources of Antarctic precipitation through the deuterium-excess parameter. Most of the ice core projects now include measurements of both isotopes. Based on the Vostok core results, we illustrate in Section 4.08.8 how this co-isotopic approach can be used. 

Reusch D. N. and Maasch K. A. (1998) The transition from arc volcanism to exhumation, weathering of young Ca, Mg, Sr silicates, and CO2 drawdown. In Tectonic Boundary Conditions for Climate Reconstructions, Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics (eds. T. J. Crowley and K. C. Burke), vol. 39, pp. 261-276. 

Price, G.D., Valdes, P.J. Sellwood, B.W. (1997) Prediction of modern bauxite occurrence implications for climate reconstruction. Paleogeography, Paleoclima-tobgy, Palaeoecology 131, 1-13. 

McDermott, F. (2004) Palaeo-climate reconstruction from stable isotope variations in speleothems a review. Quaternary Science Reviews 23, 901-918. 

Our approach to proxy validation and development is based on complementary steps in exploring the inorganic chemistry, inorganic isotope fractionation and biological controls on proxy relationships in organisms relevant to climate reconstructions. In many cases, the integration of laboratory experiments, field and culmre studies, theoretical considerations and numerical modelling has turned out to be a successful method for this task. 

Pollack, HN, Huang SP (2000) Climate reconstruction from subsurface temperatures. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 28 339-365... 

Wliile most researchers in the field agree on the relative importance of biospheric feedbacks operating at high northern latitudes, the discussion becomes more interesting and diverse as the subtropics are concerned. Climate reconstructions and data on fossil pollen compiled by Jolly et al. (1998), Hoelzmann et al. (1998), Pe-tit-Maire (1996), and Anhuf et al. (1999) indicate that North Africa was much greener in the mid-Holocene than today. The Saharan desert was, presumably to a large extent, covered by annual grasses and low shrubs. The Sahel reached at least as far north as 23 °N, more so in the western than in the eastern part. 

Street-Perrott, F. A. and Harrison, S. P. (1985). Lake levels and climate reconstruction. In Paleoclimate Analysis and Modeling. (A. D. Hecht, Ed.), pp. 291-340. John Wiley, New York. 

Xia, J., B. J. Haskell, D. R. Engstrom E. Ito, 1997b. Holocene climate reconstructed from tandem trace-element and stable-isotope composition ofostracodes from Coldwater Lake, North Dakota, USA. J. Paleolim. 17 85-100. 

Savin, S.M. 1982. Stable Isotopes in Climatic Reconstructions Climate in Earth History. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, pp. 164-171. 

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