Phorates

In agriculture, the average benefit/cost ratio from insecticide use ranges from 3 to 5 return for every 1 invested by the farmer(s). There are many examples where the return is much greater. In California, treatment of sugarbeets with granular phorate systemic insecticide to control the aphid and... 

Organophosphorus compounds (malathion, dimethoate, phorate, and parathion methyl)... 

Phillips Chemical Company, See Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 243 Phillips Petroleum Company, 243 Phorate, 105 PHORIL , phorate, 105 PHOSFLEX , phosphorus esters, 105 Phosgene, 105... 

THIMET , phorate, 127 Thioacetaniide, 127 4,4 -Tliiobis-tei1 -butyl-iii-cresol, 127 THIODAN , endosulfan, 127 Thiofanox, 127 Thioglycolic acid, 128 THIOKILL , endosulfan, 128 Thionazm, 128... 

Figure 15.13 Comprehensive two-dimensional GC chromatogram of a supercritical fluid exti act of spiked human semm. Peak identification is as follows 1, dicamha 2, tiifluralin 3, dicliloran 4, phorate 5, pentachlorophenol 6, atrazine 7, fonofos 8, diazinon 9, cWorothalonil 10, terhufos 11, alachlor 12, matalaxyl 13, malathion 14, metalochlor 15, DCPA 16, captan 17, folpet 18, heptadecanoic acid. Adapted imm Analytical Chemistry, 66, Z. Liu et al., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the fast separation and determination of pesticides exuacted from human senim , pp. 3086-3092, copyright 1994, with pemiission from the American Chemical Society.

Dichlorovos, phorate, dimethoate, diazinon, disulfoton, methyl-parathion, malathion, parathion, azinphos-methyl, azinphos-ethyl, and so on... 

The reagent sequence is specific for endosulfan and phosphamidon. Other insecticides, e.g. organochlorine insecticides, such as endrin, aldrin, dieldrin, DDT and BHC, organophosphorus insecticides, such as malathion, parathion, dimethoate, quinalphos, phorate and fenitrothion, or carbamate insecticides, such as baygon, car-baryl and carbofuran do not react. Neither is there interference from amino acids, peptides or proteins which might be extracted from the biological material together with the pesticides. 

EPA. 1981a. Acephate, aldicarb, carbophenothion, DBF, EPN, ethoprop, methyl parathion, and phorate Their acute and chronic toxicity, bioconcentration potential and persistence as related to marine environments. Gulf Breeze, FL U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. EPA-600/4-81/04L NTIS PB81-244477. 1-275. 

The thiophosphate phorate is degraded in aqueous solutions at pH 8.5 to yield diethyl sulfide and formaldehyde, which are formed by nucleophilic attack either at the P = S atom or the methylene dithioketal carbon atom (Hong and Pehkonen 1998). 

Hong F, S Pehkonen (1998) Hydrolysis of phorate using simulated and environmental conditions rates, mechanisms, and product analysis. J Agric Food Chem 46 1192-1199. 

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