Metabolism pharmacokinetics

Through what mechanisms do pharmacokinetic (metabolic) and pharmacodynamic (cellular) tolerance arise ... 

Wernsdorfer and Trigg [147] reviewed the pharmacokinetics, metabolism, toxicity, and activity of primaquine. 

N. Bodor, T. Loftsson, W. M. Wu, Metabolism, Distribution, and Transdermal Permeation of a Soft Corticosteroid, Loteprednol Etabonate , Pharm. Res. 1992, 9, 1275-1278 N. Bodor, W. M. Wu, T. Murakami, S. Engel, Soft Drugs 19. Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism and Excretion of a Novel Soft Corticosteroid, Loteprednol Etabonate, in Rats , Pharm. Res. 1995, 72, 875-879. 

Despite the fact that alkylating agents exhibit a common mechanism of action, their clinical use varies depending on differences in pharmacokinetics, metabolism, hpid solubility, ability to penetrate membranes, and toxicity. They can be classified as nitrogen-containing mustard derivatives (mechorethamine, chlorambucil, melfalan, cyclophosphamide, ifos-famide), derivatives of ethylenimine (thiotepa), nitrosoureas (carmustine, lomustine, strep-tozocin), alkylsulfonates (busulfan), and derivatives of platinum (cwplatin, carboplatin). 

Andersson T. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and interactions of acid pump inhibitors. Focus on omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole. Clin Pharmacokinet 1996 31(l) 9-28. 

Pharmacokinetics Metabolized in liver to meprobamate. Excreted in urine. Half-life 8 hr. 

Pharmacokinetics Metabolized and excreted in kidney. Half-life 4-7 hr. 

Mechanism of Action An antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial protein, RNA synthesis. Less effective on DNA synthesis. Nasal Eradicates nasal colonization of MRSA. Therapeutic Effect Prevents bacterial growth and replication. Bacteriostatic. Pharmacokinetics Metabolized in skin to inactive metabolite. Transported to skin surface removed by normal skin desquamation. 

Pharmacokinetics Metabolized in liver. Primarily excreted in urine. Unknown if removed by hemodialysis. 

Pharmacokinetics Metabolized to thiamine pyrophosphate (active) in the liver. At dietary levels thiamine is completely distributed to tissues. At pharmacologic doses, excess thiamine is excreted in urine. 

In the absence of definitive human data, risk assessment may have to depend on the results of cancer bioassays in laboratory animals, short-term tests, or other experimental methods. Hence the following issues must be addressed under such circumstances the ability of the test system to predict risks for man (quantitatively as well as qualitatively) the reproducibility of test results the influence of species differences in pharmacokinetics, metabolism, homeostasis, repair rates, life span, organ sensitivity, and baseline cancer rates extrapolation across dose and dose rates, and routes of exposure the significance of benign tumors fitting models to the data in order to characterize dose-incidence relationships and the significance of negative results. 

Local anaesthetics JP Howe andJPH Fee Introduction Chemical structure Mechanism of action Pharmacokinetics Metabolism Toxicity... 

Phillips, J.A., Craig, S.J., Bayley, D., Christian, R.A., Geary, R. and Nicklin, P.L. (1997) Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and elimination of a 20-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (CGP 69846A) after intravenous and subcutaneous administration. Biochem. Pharmacol, 54, 657-668. 

De la Torre R, Farre M, Roset PN, Pizarro N, Abanades S, Segura M, Segura J, Camt J (2004) Human pharmacology of MDMA pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and disposition. Ther Drug Monit 26 137-144... 

Numerous other ACE inhibitors have been synthesized and evaluated since captopril was announced in 1977. As of 1996, 16 were in use worldwide (157), all of which are variations of the designs exemplified in Table IX. Reviews are available that describe dosage, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and routes of elimination of many of them (111,156-159). 

Garrison, K.E., Pasas, S.A., Cooper, J.D., and Davies, M.I., A review of membrane sampling from biological tissues with applications in pharmacokinetics, metabolism and pharmacodynamics, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 17, 1-12, 2002. 

Phillips JA, Craig SJ, Bayley D, Christian RA, Geary RS, Nicklin PL. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and elimination of a 20-mer phosphorothioate ohgodeoxynu-cleotide (CGP 69846a) after intravenous and subcutaneous admi n istration. Iliochem Pharmacol 1997 54(6) 657-68. 

Stass H, Kern A. Moxifloxacin - review of clinical pharmacokinetics metabolism and excretion. In 6th International Symposium on New Quinolones Abstract No. 132. Denver, Colorado, 1998. 

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