Pharmacokinetics applications

Sripalakit, P., Nermhom, P., and Saraphanchotiwitthaya, A. 2006. Validation and pharmacokinetic application of a method for determination of doxazosin in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr. 20 729. 

M. I. Davies. A review of microdialysis sampling for pharmacokinetic applications. Anal. Chim. Acta 379 227-249 (1999). 

Meunier V, Bourne M, Berger Y, Fabre G (1995) The human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 pharmacological and pharmacokinetic applications. Cell Biol Toxicol 11 187-194. 

Gorkem Yararbas Center for Drug R D and Pharmacokinetic Applications,... 

Huang S-M. Clinical drug-drug interactions. In Krishna R, ed. Pharmacokinetic Applications in Drug Development Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2003. 

In fact, with simple input functions common in pharmacokinetic applications (e.g., impulse or step function), the columns of the observation matrix X created from the integrals in (5.69) tend to be linearly dependent, resulting in ill - conditioned estimation problems. As discussed in the next section, this method is, however, excellent for input identification. 

Another non - parametric approach is deconvolution by discrete Fourier transformation with built - in windowing. The samples obtained in pharmacokinetic applications are, however, usually short with non - equidistant sample time points. Therefore, a variety of parametric deconvolution methods have been proposed (refs. 20, 21, 26, 28). In these methods an input of known form depending on unknown parameters is assumed, and the model response predicted by the convolution integral (5.66) is fitted to the data. 

The method was described and validated for intra- and interday variation for the quantitation of zaleplon in plasma and for pharmacokinetic application, using methanol-ammonium acetate buffer (50 50, v/v) as a mobile phase and drotaverine hydrochloride as the IS and a flow rate of 1.4 ml/min with UV detection of the effluent at 232 nm at ambient... 

Although not perfect, Hansch s lipophilicity parameter and log P values are the most widely used parameters in QSAR studies. In addition to their effectiveness in predicting biological activity through target binding (pharmacodynamics), both parameters also affect pharmacokinetics. The pharmacokinetic applications of log P and 7r-values can be seen in Lipinski s rules and a Case Study (Carboxylate Antifungals) later in this chapter. 

Analytical methods for TDM should cover therapeutic ranges, and LLOQ requirements are not as low as those for pharmacokinetic applications. LC-MS methodologies for the determination of one specific antidepressant could also be applied in these cases. However, as previously stated in this chapter, multianalyte procedures are preferable because they are simpler, faster, cheaper, and allow for the determination of several analytes using the same sample aliquot. Moreover, multianalyte procedures are not only useful, but also required in clinical or forensic applications, where the target antidepressant is initially unknown, and several of them could be involved in the intoxication. 

Aaltonen L, Kanto J, Iisalo E, Pihlajamaki K (1984) Comparison of radioreceptor assay and radioimmunoassay for atropine pharmacokinetic application. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 26 613-617... 

In most pharmacokinetic applications, one can assume that the system is open and at least weakly connected. This is the case of mammillary compartmental models, where the compartment n° 1 is referred to as the central compartment and the other compartments are referred to as the distribution compartments, characterized by kio = 0 and kij = 0 for i,j = 2,..., to. For open mammillary compartmental configurations, the eigenvalues of K are distinct, real, and negative, implying that... 

In most pharmacokinetic applications, the system is open and the eigenvalues of H are real and negative. This implies that the solution has the form of a sum... 

De Lange ECM, De Boer AG, Breimer DD (2000) Methodological issues in microdialysis sampling for pharmacokinetic studies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 45 125-148 Elmquist WF, Sawchuk RJ (1997) Application of microdialysis in pharmacokinetic studies. Pharm Res 14 267-288 Evrard PA, Deridder G, Verbeeck RK (1996) Intravenous microdialysis in the mouse and the rat development and pharmacokinetic application of a new probe. Pharm Res 13 12-17 Jacobson I, Sandberg M, Hamberger A (1985) Mass transfer in brain dialysis devices a new method for the estimation of extracellular amino acids concentration. J Neurosci Methods 15 263-268... 

Mould DR. Population pharmacokinetics applications in industry. In Pharmacokinetics in Drug Development. Volume 1 Clinical Study Design and Analysis. Bonate PL, Howard DR, eds. 2004. AAPS Press, Arlington, VA. pp. 501-529. 

L. Aaltonen, J, Kanto, E. lisalo, and K. Pihlajamaki, Comparison of radioreceptor assays and radioimmunoassay for atropine Pharmacokinetic application, Eur.. Clin. Pharmacol, 26 613-617 (1984). 

Because the OVM CSP is a relatively new CSR only one pharmacokinetic application has been reported. Because of the utility of this phase, it is evident that such a situation will quickly change. 

SH Chen, YH Chen. Pharmacokinetic applications of capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 20(15—16) 3259—3268, 1999. 

JF Lebigot et al. Development of a test radioreceptor for nicardipine and isradipine a pharmacokinetic application. Arch Mai Coeur Vaiss 80 716, 1987. 

Weiner, R.S., Srinivas, N.R., Calore, J.D., Fadrowski, C.G., Shyu, W.C., and Tay, L.K. (1997) A sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitation of human CTLA4Ig fusion protein in mouse serum pharmacokinetic application to optimizing cell line selection. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 15, 571 579. 

Askholt, J. Nielsen-Kudsk, F. Rapid HPLC-determination of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen in plasma for therapeutic drug control and pharmacokinetic applications. Acta Pharmacol.Toxicol.(Copenh), 1986, 59, 382-386... 

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