Pharmacogenomics Associations

Human Genome Variations Society. URL http //www.genomic. unimelb.edu.au/mdi/. Formerly HUGO Mutation Database Initiative. 

International HapMap Project. URL http //www.hapmap.org/. Partnership of scientists and funding agencies from Canada, China, Japan, Nigeria, the United Kingdom, and the United States to develop a public haplotype map that will help researchers find genes associated with human disease and response to pharmaceuticals. 

The SNP Consortium Ltd. URL http //snp.cshLorg/. A nonprofit foundation organized for the purpose of providing public genomic data. Members include a number of pharmaceutical companies, IBM, Motorola, and the Wellcome Trust. Public private co-operative effort contributing to the HapMap Project and dbSNP. Expect to see more public/private cooperation, particularly in precompetitive research areas. 

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Drazen JM, Yandava CN, Dube L, SzCZERBACK N, HlPPENSTEEL R, PlLLARI et al. Pharmacogenomic association between ALOX5 promoter genotype and the response to anti-asthma treatment. Nature Genet 1999 22 168-170. 

The targets for clinical pharmacogenomic associations are not necessarily the same as those for genetics. A gene may have a role in the response to antidepressant treatment and not be necessarily involved in the causation of the disorder. Biological systems that are thought to be involved in the response to antidepressant treatment include the following ... 

Because common SNPs are phylogenetically older than rare SNPs, they have arisen from recombination events of ancestral haplotypes (3). Focusing on these common SNPs will thus allow reconstruction of these ancestral haplotypes so that human evolutionary history can be traced. Most important, however, is the fact that using common SNPs to map the structure of human haplotypes will allow identification of haplotypes that constitute the majority (perhaps as much as 90%) of human variation and hence will be the most informative source available for disease and pharmacogenomic association studies. 

Houston JP, Kohler J, Bishop JR, Ehingrod VL, Ostbye KM, Zhao F, et al. Pharmacogenomic associations with weight gain in olanzapine treatment of patients without schizophrenia. J Chn Psychiatry 2012 73(8) 1077-86. 

Xing, Q. et al. (2006b). Polymorphisms of the ABCB1 gene are associated with the therapeutic response to risperidone in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Pharmacogenomics, 7, 987-93. 

Lee, H.-J., Cha, J.-H., Ham, B.-J. etal. (2004). Association between a G-protein boldbeta3 subunit gene polymorphism and the symptomatology and treatment responses of major depressive disorders. Pharmacogenomics J., 4, 29-33. 

Pharmacogenomic studies are often carried out in the context of clinical trials which, by virtue of having both a treatment and placebo group, are able to assess the association between a gene and disease progression independent of therapy as well as interactive effects of genotypes and therapy on disease. Several of the phar-... 

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