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Pharmaceuticals Italy

Menthol Manufacture. Of the menthol isomers, only (-)-menthol [2216-51 -5] and (+)-menthol [15356-70-4] are of commercial importance. The most important natural sources of (—)-menthol are the oUs of Mentha arvensis (75—90%) and Mentha piperita (50—65%). The main suppUers ate Japan, China, BrazU, and Taiwan for the former and the United States, CIS, Bulgaria, and Italy for the latter. (—)-Menthol is known for its refreshing, diffusive odor characteristic of peppermint. It also is known for its strong physiological cooling effect, which is useful in cigarettes, dentifrices, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. [Pg.422]

Mono- and dichlorotoluenes ate used chiefly as chemical iatermediates ia the manufacture of pesticides, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, and peroxides, and as solvents. Total annual production was limited prior to 1960 but has expanded greatly siace that time. Chlorinated toluenes ate produced ia the United States, Germany, Japan, and Italy. Siace the number of manufacturers is small and much of the production is utilised captively, statistics covering production quantities ate not available. Worldwide annual production of o- and -chlorotoluene is estimated at several tens of thousands of metric tons. Yearly productions of polychlorotoluene ate ia the range of 100—1000 tons. [Pg.52]

Benzoic acid Pharmaceutical grade, odor- and 4,500 99.97% Falling him Italy Chimica del Friuli... [Pg.1999]

Dept, of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100, Ferrara, Italy. [Pg.160]

Castiglioni S, Bagnati R, Fanelli R, Pomati F, Calamari D, Zuccato E (2006) Removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage treatment plants in Italy. Environ Sci Technol 40 357-363... [Pg.223]

Zuccato E, Castiglioni S, Eanelh R, Reitano G, Bagnati R, Chiabrando C, Pomati E, Rossetti C, Calamari D (2006) Pharmaceuticals in the environment in Italy causes, occurrence, effects and control. Environ Sci PollutRes 13 15-21... [Pg.228]

To compare the epidemiological, clinical, and economic impacts of the HIV epidemic in Italy prior to and after the introduction of HAART, Tramarin et al. (2004) conducted a prospective and observational study with a multi-center design. They used data collected on an AIDS cohort from 1994 and updated data from a comparable cohort in 1998. Mortality and medical costs of 251 patients were measured in 1994 and in 1998, respectively. A considerable difference was observed in mortality (33.9% in 1994 vs. 3.9% in 1998). The cost per patient per year was US 15,515 in 1994 and US 10,312 in 1998. Based on the comparison of the two cohorts between both years, the authors concluded that after the introduction of HAART, hospital-based provision shifted from an inpatient-based to an outpatient-based service, with major focus on pharmaceutical care. [Pg.359]

Pharmaceuticals) Ethinyl oestradiol, paracetamol, aspirin, dextropropoxyphene, clofibrate and oxytetracycline Aire river (UK), Lambro river (Italy) and Rur river (Germany) Surface water - Product consumption - Worst-case influent - Excreted post-metabolism - WWTP removal - River water die-away [50]... [Pg.39]

In order to determine whether or not the growth in pharmaceutical expenditure entails an increase in the price of the resources used in health production, the important factor to determine is the significance or otherwise of the innovation and its marginal contribution to health production. The large number of new products in some markets, such as Spain, Italy and Germany that provide a very small degree of innovation may constitute an indication of increasing prices rather than an increase in value (contribution to the improvement of health status and welfare). [Pg.50]

However, pharmaceutical expenditure is not lower in countries with lower price levels and stricter price control systems the level of consumption can be higher, and the expenditure can actually be higher than in other countries with greater price flexibility. Thus, the level of expenditure is quite high in countries such as Japan, France and Italy. [Pg.51]

Method The authors use information on all non-hospital sales of pharmaceutical products in 1992 in a sample of countries consisting of the USA, Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Japan and the UK. The database was provided by Intercontinental Medical Systems (IMS). The empirical analysis is based on the calculation of the Paasche and Laspeyres price indexes and the ratio between them. The descriptive analysis is completed with the econometric analysis (quasi-hedonic model) of the determining factors of the variation in the relative prices of each active ingredient in each country taking the USA as the point of comparison. [Pg.54]

The primary purpose of this chapter is to review the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of non-peptide kappa opioid agonists and antagonists from the viewpoint of a medicinal chemist. It is intended to present an account of work in this area published in journals and in patents from 1985 up to the end of 1990. During the late 1980 s there was a significant increase in the literature on kappa opioids and this has resulted in several publications which, at the time of writing, have not been previously reviewed. Three pharmaceutical companies, Upjohn, Parke-Davis and Zambeletti (SB-Italy), have progressed kappa agonists into clinical trials, so it seems an appropriate and opportune time to review the preclinical data. [Pg.110]

W.L. Yoon, N.C. North, R.D. Jee and A.C. Moffat, Apphcation of a polar qnahflcation system in the near infrared identification and qualification of raw pharmaceutical excipients. In Davies, A.M.C. and Giangiacomo, R. (eds). Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Proceedings of the International Conference, 9th, Verona, Italy, June 13-18, 1999, NIR Publications, Chichester, UK, pp. 547-550, 2000. [Pg.488]

Loos R, Wollgast J, Huber T, Hanke G (2007) Polar herbicides, pharmaceutical products, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and nonylphenol and its carboxylates and ethoxylates in surface and tap waters around Lake Maggiore in Northern Italy. Anal Bioanal Chem 387 1469-1478... [Pg.68]

Zuccato E, Castiglioni S, Fanelli R et al (2004) Pharmaceuticals in the environment changes in the presence and concentrations of pharmaceuticals for human use in Italy. In Kiimmerer K (ed) Pharmaceuticals in the environment sources, fate, effects and risks. Springer, Berlin... [Pg.235]

Zuccato E., E.R. Bagnati, F. Fioretti, M. Natangelo, D. Calamari, and R. Fanelli (2001). Environmental Loads and Detection of Pharmaceuticals in Italy. In K. Kiimmerer (Ed.). Pharmaceuticals in the Environment—Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 19-27. [Pg.292]

We recently surveyed pharmaceutical companies producing antidepressant medication or central nervous system (CNS) stimulants for the European market. Approval for use of such drugs in children and adolescents is limited worldwide. Sertraline, clomipramine, and flu-voxamine have been approved for use in children (for some drugs down to the age of 6 years) for OCD in some European countries (the most wide spread approval being for sertraline in Austria, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, and Denmark) and countries outside Europe. Methyl-phenidate has been approved for the treatment of children with ADHD in a number of European and non-European countries (Novartis Health care A/S, personal communication). [Pg.749]

Midsize and small hne-chemical companies were also impacted by the slump in demand for new pharmaceutical fine chemicals. By and large, they fared better than did the large companies, which have a number of disadvantages. (For instance, a business development manager, who moved from a big to a small hne-chemical company, stated that At my previous employer, it took me three trips to the USA and one to Italy just to determine, which step should be produced at which site. )... [Pg.17]

PharmEco (Johnson Matthey Pharmaceutical Materials), and Tripos, in the USA Alphora, Canada Clausen-Kaas, Denmark Evotec AG, Germany Meridiano Medical Sciences and Serichim, Italy CarboGen and Solvias, Switzerland ChemShop, The Netherlands Onyx, UK NARD Institute, Japan and Novotech, Australia. [Pg.20]


See other pages where Pharmaceuticals Italy is mentioned: [Pg.441]    [Pg.270]    [Pg.374]    [Pg.41]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.122]    [Pg.178]    [Pg.195]    [Pg.130]    [Pg.224]    [Pg.69]    [Pg.62]    [Pg.63]    [Pg.232]    [Pg.86]    [Pg.16]    [Pg.43]    [Pg.162]    [Pg.163]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.97]    [Pg.132]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.279 ]




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