Pharmaceutical technology freeze-dried products

Freeze-Dried Products. Freeze drying was first carried out in 1890 by Altman but became well known through the industrial development of the process. The process is used in the food industry, e.g., for the production of instant coffee, tea, and other products. In the field of pharmaceutical technology, it was for a long time restricted to only few formulations for injection containing the active ingredient in the freeze-dried state in an ampoule to be dissolved just before application. With the increasing interest in protein and peptide formulations, freeze-dried products became more important. These are discussed under section Microparticles for Injection. ... 

M Kobayashi. Manufacture of Pharmaceutical Products and Freeze-Drying Technology (Japanese), Vol. 12, Pharmaceutical Products and Machines, Tokyo, 1982. 

The purpose of Freeze-Drying/Lyophilization of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products is not to present an exhaustive view of the process, but essentially to shed light on some focal areas of the field in which pioneering research has been achieved and assess its impact on current manufacturing practices. This book also provides a critical review of such wide issues as the design and construction of equipment to identify the main trends and sometimes locate the specific sectors where our technological know-how is still incomplete. 

While amorphous water as such may not figure in freeze-drying technology, the opposite is true for many of the other components that make up the finished pharmaceutical preparation. In fact, the realisation of the importance of amorphism in pharmaceutical product development has led to the birth of a new scientific discipline pharmaceutical materials science. Successful freeze-drying is firmly based on the same... 

Although the general features of vitreous states and the mechanisms of their formation are identical for all materials, there are some aspects that are of unique importance to freeze-drying technology, especially as applied to pharmaceutical products. 

Freeze diying is a well-established drying technology to meet certain pharmaceutical requirements (lyophilization). It is also used for some food products like berries, which need to be quickly reconstituted (moistened) during meal preparation. A freeze drying process is composed of two process steps. First, the wet product... 

Barresi, A., Ghio, S., Fissore, D., Pisano, R. (2009). Freeze drying of pharmaceutical excipients close to collapse temperature influence of the process conditions on process time and product quality technology. Drying Technology, 27, 805-816. 

Well, it sounds nice— too much maybe. It is too soon for sure because, to the extent of our present knowledge, this process does not have a universal value. Indeed, to be sure that we can resort to irradiation technologies for the terminal sterilization of the finished freeze-dried pharmaceutical products we have to fulfill three important requirements ... 

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