Phage Escherichia coli

Certain strains of Escherichia coli can be stimulated by irradiation with a moderate dose of ultraviolet (UV) light to stop normal growth and start producing bacteriophages that eventually lyse the bacterium. Bacteria of these so-called lysogenic strains carry the DNA of the phage integrated into their own... 

The renaturation rate of DNA is an excellent indicator of the sequence complexity of DNA. For example, bacteriophage T4 DNA contains about 2 X 10 nucleotide pairs, whereas Escherichia coli DNA possesses 4.64 X 10 . E. coli DNA is considerably more complex in that it encodes more information. Expressed another way, for any given amount of DNA (in grams), the sequences represented in an E. coli sample are more heterogeneous, that is, more dissimilar from one another, than those in an equal weight of phage T4 DNA. Therefore, it will take the E. coli DNA strands longer to find their complementary partners and reanneal. This situation can be analyzed quantitatively. 

Cho, M., Chung, H., Choi, W., and Yoon, J. (2005) Different inactivation behaviors of MS—2 phage and Escherichia coli in Ti02 photocatalytic disinfection. Applied and Environment Microbiology, 71 (1), 270-275. 

The bacterial RNA viruses are all of quite small size, about 26 nm in size, and they are all icosahedral, with 180 copies of coat protein per virus particle. The complete nucleotide sequence of several RNA phages are known. In the RNA phage MS2, which infects Escherichia coli, the viral RNA is 3,569 nucleotides long. The virus RNA, although single stranded, has extensive regions of secondary and tertiary structure. The RNA strand in the virion has the plus (+) sense, acting directly as mRNA upon entry into the cell. 

Bacteriophage T7 Bacteriophage T7 and its close relative T3 are relatively small DNA viruses that infect Escherichia coli. (Some strains of Shigella and Pasteurella are also hosts for phage T7.) The virus particle has an icosahedral head and a very small tail. The virus particle is fairly complex, with S different proteins in the head and 3-6 different proteins in the tail. One tail protein, the tail fiber protein, is the means by which the virus particle attaches to the bacterial cell surface. Only female cells of Escherichia coli can be infected with T7 male cells can be infected but the multiplication process is terminated during the latent period. 

Luckey, M. and Nikaido, H. (1980). Specificity of diffusion channels produced by lambda phage receptor protein of Escherichia coli, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 11, 167-171. 

Escherichia coli (strain JE24F+, derived from W3110, uninfected or infected with RNA-phage MS2 [2] recombinant overproducing strains [29,30] K-12 strains [30]) [2, 3, 28-31, 61, 62, 68, 70, 71]... 

Hiraga, S. Sugino, Y. Nucleoside monophosphokinases of Escherichia coli infected and uninfected with an RNA phage. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 114, 416-418 (1966)... 

Escherichia coli (strain 201 infected with bacteriophage T4amBL292, a maturation defective phage mutant, host-coded activity which is a component of T4 dNTP-synthesizing enzyme complex [2]) [2]... 

The discovery that DNA forms catenanes and knots, some of them extremely complex, initiated a new field of research which has been called Biochemical Topology [21]. In 1967, Vinograd and co-workers detected in HeLa cell mitochondria isolable DNA molecules that consist of independent, double-stranded, closed circles that are topologically interlocked or catenated like the links in a chain [22, 23]. A few years later, catenanes had been observed everywhere that circular DNA molecules were known [24] and the first knot was found by Liu and coworkers in single-stranded circular phage fd DNA treated with Escherichia coli co-protein [25]. In 1980, knots could also be generated in double-stranded circular DNA [26]. 

The Dormant Prophage State of A Is Maintained by a Phage-Encoded Repressor Events That Follow Infection of Escherichia coli by Bacteriophage A Can Lead to Lysis or Lysogeny The N Protein Is an Antiterminator That Results in Extension of Early Transcripts Another Antiterminator, the Q Protein, Is the Key to Late Transcription... 

Nimmich, W., Straube, E., Naumann, G. and Budde, E. (1981) Detection of rough Escherichia coli K1 strains using K1 specific phages. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 10 353-356... 

Inductest Escherichia coli A-lysogen Phage or enzyme induction <3 wk L L M NA... 

Recent studies have demonstrated reactions of bisulfite with pyrimidines. Addition compounds are formed at the 5,6-double bond of the pyrimidine (5). Mutagenic effects have been observed with phage A (10) and with Escherichia coli (11). However, the concentrations of bisulfite used in these experiments were 1M or higher, and one wonders if such effects would be observed at the much lower concentrations that could arise by exposure of vegetation to SOo-polluted air. 

Robertson MW, Phage and Escherichia coli expression of the human high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor alpha-subunit ectodomain, Domain localization of the IgE-binding site, J. Biol. Chem., 268 12736-12743, 1993. 

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