PH balance

A typical buffering agent used in shampoo is sodium citrate. Since the goal is to keep the shampoo slightly acid, the term pH balanced is actually a misnomer. You actually want the balance to be tipped slightly to the acidic side. 

Diethanolamine and triethanolamine. Commonly used to neutralize acids in shampoos, to reduce irritation (pH-balanced shampoos). Slow to biodegrade. 

The emulsifier aminomethyl propanol serves several purposes in hairspray. It acts as a buffering agent, controlling the acidity of the mixture to make it neutral ( pH balanced ). It also helps keep the polymers mixed with the water and alcohol, and controls the water solubility of the final mist, giving it the needed humidity resistance. It also helps to form the polymers into a gel. 

Figure 6.1 Acids and bases exist in the human body and are necessary for its proper function, including the function of the digestion process. When food is swallowed, it is attacked by stomach acids. The stomach acids need to be neutralized before food can continue down the digestive tract. A hormone called secretin monitors the pH balance in the small intestine and sends chemical signals to other parts of the body, thereby regulating pH balance.

Le Chatelier s principle also applies to biology. Homeostasis is the tendency of a body system to remain in a state of equilibrium. Examples of homeostasis include the maintenance of body temperature (homeothermy) and the pH balance of blood. 

Liming an acidic lake is similar to the process many people use to maintain a pH balance in their soil for lawn maintenance. Plants have an optimum pH range in which they strive. Acidic conditions often develop in soils for several reasons. Rain tends to leach away basic ions, weak organic acids develop from the carbon dioxide produced by decaying organic matter, and strong acids, such as nitric acid, can form when ammonium fertilizers oxidize. To neutralize these acids, different forms of lime such as quicklime, CaO, and slaked lime, Ca(OH)2, are used to neutralize the acid and increase the pH of the soil. Table 13.9 shows how much fertilizer is wasted when applied to... 

Basic firmware instruments used to measure fundamental physical parameters such as weight, dimension, temperature, and pH Balances, pH meters, digital thermometers, centrifuges, sonicators... 

Each evening for the 42 days of the trial, thoroughly clean your face. Follow cleansing with a pH-balanced toner. 

Many processes in nature require such a fine pH balance that they are dramatically upset by the shift that has occurred in the pH of rain. Thousands of lakes in the Adirondack region of upper New York State and in southeastern Canada have become so acidic that all fish life has disappeared. Massive tree die-offs have occurred throughout central and eastern Europe as acid rain has lowered the pH of the soil and leached nutrients from leaves. Countless marble statues have been slowly dissolved away as their calcium carbonate has been attacked by acid rain. 

By the very nature of their action, diuretics are often associated with disturbances in fluid and electrolyte balance. Volume depletion, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and altered pH balance are among the most fre-... 

Find advertising pictures that relate to chemistry, for example, fluoride toothpaste ads, pH balanced shampoo ads, vitamin supplement ads. In the advertising pictures, discuss the use of warm and cool colors to convey a message to a buyer. 

Monohydrogenphosphate is an important amphoteric species that helps maintain the pH balance in blood. That is, monohydrogenphosphate can act as either an acid or a base. 

In areas of hard-water concentration, it is best to compound developers using distilled, deionized, or demineralized water. However, if none of these is available, a water softener can be added directly to the developer. Do not add a water softener unless it is absolutely necessary as it will change the pH balance of the developer. 

The acidity/basicity descriptor pH provides a useful means of identifying substances that are corrosive to the skin by disrupting its pH balance (away from a physiological value of about 5.5). In Table 18.4, three chemicals (2-bromobutane, sodium bisuffite and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole) have borderline predictions because of the proximity of their pH values to the cut-offs (3.4 and 10.5) of the PM. 

Acidity is measured by the concentration of hydronium ions using a measure called pH. We have become accustomed to seeing references to pH in advertising, product labeling, and swimming pool maintenance, for example. Shampoos are said to be pH-balanced, which certainly sounds like something that we would want. It means that the pH of the shampoo is the same as the pH of your scalp. As you teach yourself about pH in this section, keep an eye out for the mention of pH as you shop and watch television. 

Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the lithosphere, but its levels in natural waters, plants, and animals are relatively low [1], It occurs in a vast variety of oxide minerals and together with silicon forms the polymorphous aluminosilicates (Al205Si) in rocks and soils upon which all organisms depend [2]. In soils and sediments these clays have many functions they hold trace elements, permit growth of roots, sustain pH balance, and their cavities keep water available [3],... 

You are probably familiar with the term pH from a variety of sources. Advertisers talk about the pH balance of products such as soaps, shampoos, and skin creams. People who own aquariums and swimming pools must monitor the pH of the water. (See Figure 10.10.) Gardeners and farmers use simple tests to determine the pH of the soil. They know that plants and food crops grow best within a narrow range of pH. Similarly, the pH of your blood must remain within narrow limits for you to stay healthy. 

These acid- or alkaline-balanced products may be advertised as pH balanced. But what does pH mean We can get a clue from revisiting the pool test kit. The phenol red indicator is also labeled pH indicator pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. It is a measure of the acid quality of a solution. 

Obviously, there must be systems in place that prevent the delicate pH balance of living systems from being fatally upset, such as in Figure 5.5.1. Every system is different, but the general principles for the action of buffers are the same. 

Maintaining the proper pH at 6.3 is an important part of creating a successful hydroponic environment. If the water is not pH balanced, then the nutrients in the medium will not have the opportunity to be best utilized by the plant, nor will the food be reduced to a proper configuration which is suitable for assimilation and metabolism by the plant. 

You have probably seen commercials in which products, such as that pictured in Figure 11 on the next page, are described as pH balanced. Perhaps you know that pH has to do with how basic or acidic something is. You may have learned that the pH of pure water is 7 and that acid rain has a lower pH. But what does pH actually mean ... 

Look at the equation for the carbonate buffer as you think about this situation. As CO2 is eliminated through rapid breathing, the equilibrium shifts to the left. The [H ] decreases and pH increases. Re-breathing CO2 from a paper bag helps restore the pH balance. 

Because of its acidic properties, phosphoric acid produces toxicity much like any other acid. Excessive exposure causes corrosion on contact and disruption of internal pH balance (acidosis) when large concentrations are distributed systemically. 

Imagine that acid and alkaline are two teams in a tug-of-war contest, each one holding the end of a long rope and trying to shift the balance to its side, and you ll have a good sense of what happens every single second in your body. When your pH balance tips toward either the acidic or the alkaline side of the spectrum, you are vulnerable to a variety of health problems. In North America, because of our current eating habits, it is rare for anyone to become excessively alkaline excessive acid is much more common, as this book will explain. 

Most of the diseases that plague people in the West could not occur in a pH-balanced body. 

An acid-forming diet is potentially the worst culprit in affecting our pH balance. Sweets, meat, dairy, trans fats, chemical additives, white flour, fried foods, and many other acidic foods can make it difficult for our bodies to restore balance. 

Your body is constantly striving for a healthy biochemical balance as well. It tries to maintain homeostasis through many different means, including breathing, blood circulation, digestion, and hormone production. In addition to these basic life functions, the body has intrinsic ways of restoring pH balance when it is shifting too far to the acid side of the spectrum it excretes toxic acids from the blood via the kidneys, and it dumps alkaline minerals from other locations in the body into the blood to neutralize the acidity. 

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