Petroleum Denmark

The authors are grateful to the Robert A. Welch Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Phillips Petroleum Foundation, and Haldor Topsoe A/S (Denmark) for financial support. We express our thanks to the Exxon Research and Engineering Co. for measuring the solid state NMR spectra and the Shell Development Company for the ESCA measurements. Finally, we acknowledge the participation of Dr. Zinfer R. Ismagilov in part of the cyclohexane studies. 

Christensen Team Leader and Senior Energy Consultant at RAMBOLL Consulting (Denmark). Papava Petroleum Geologist. Sidamonidze Reservoir Engineer EU TACIS Project on Rehabilitation of Gas Transmission System in Georgia, June 2002-June 2003... 

Pederson, K. S. Fredenslund, Aa., Continuous Thermodynamics Applied to Petroleum Mixtures, SEP Report 8413, The Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, (1984). 

Conference on Petroleum Phase Behaviour and Fouling, Copenhagen, Denmark, Aug 27—31, 2000 AIChE, Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, University of Denmark. 

A survey of chemical exposure in the workplace in Denmark estimated that there were a total of 55,000 exposures to 2-butoxyethanol in 1989 (Brandorff et al. 1995). The industry groups in which exposures occurred were as follows the manufacture of fabricated metal parts electrical machinery and apparatus the manufacture of transport equipment painters and carpenters construction, publishing, and printing wholesale trade the manufacture of textiles and leather the manufacture of wood and furniture the manufacture of chemicals the manufacture of paints, petroleum, and bitumen products the... 

Over the last 10 years my former colleagues have given much encouragement, especially in recent times those at Qatar General Petroleum Corporation and Maersk Olie og Gas A/S in Denmark and my many associates and friends in the manufacturing companies that I have had the pleasure of interfacing with over many years. 

The petroleum contribution to the world s primary energy requirements was about 47% in 1974 (Table 24-1). But this contribution varies strongly from country to country. Petroleum covers 95% of the primary energy requirements of Denmark, 73% in the case of Japan, and 52% for West Germany. Consequently, many highly industrialized countries depend heavily on imports, mainly from Arabic countries (Table 24-2). Nuclear and hydroelectric sources only play a quite minor role in the present-day supply of primary energy the consumption of energy in 1974 by the United States was covered to 44% by petroleum, 31% by natural gas, 21% by coal, 3% by hydroelectricity, and 1% by nuclear power stations. 

Petroleum-based feedstocks continue to become more expensive and, consequently, chemists are being challenged to devise processes that utilize biomass-derived feedstocks. In one of the latest developments, Claus Christensen and co-workers at the Center for Sustainable Green Chemistry at the Technical University of Denmark, in Lyngby, have described a gold-catalyzed procedure for selective oxidation of the biomass-derived platform chemicals furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural... 

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