Biomass-derived feedstock

A thorough analysis of value chains and the development of alternative value chains starting from biomass derived feedstocks, including assessment of the economic viability of the transformation of the chains, is required. This should be followed by the identification of easy entry points for the implementation of novel value chains. Technical key issues are generic methods to cope with the variability of raw materials derived from biomass and higher susceptibility to contamination by microorganisms and suitable catalysts for biorefineries. 

Effects of Trace Contaminants on Catalytic Processing of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks... 

Oxidation reactions play a crucial role in the chemical industry, where >90% of the feedstocks derive from hydrocarbons - the most reduced organic chemicals on the planet. Sustainability concerns are demanding a greater shift toward biomass-derived feedstocks however, oxidation methods will continue to play a major role. For example, even as this book goes to press (March 2016), BASF and Avantium have just announced plans to pursue a joint venture for the production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), an important polymer-building block derived from biomass. The proposed 50000 metric tons per year plant will undoubtedly incorporate liquid phase aerobic oxidation chemistry similar to that described in Chapter 19 of this volume. 

The oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohols represents key steps in the synthesis of aldehyde, ketone, ester, and acid intermediates employed within the fine chemical, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical sectors, with allylic aldehydes in particular high-value components used in the perfume and fiavoring industries [1]. For example, crotonaldehyde is an important agrochemical and a valuable precursor for the food preservative sorbic acid, while citronellyl acetate and cinnamaldehyde confer rose/fruity and cinnamon flavors and aromas, respectively. There is also considerable interest in the exploitation of biomass-derived feedstocks such as glycerol (a by-product of biodiesel synthesis from plant or... 

Shiramizu M, Toste FD (2012) Deoxygenation of biomass-derived feedstocks oxorhenium-catalyzed deoxydehydration of sugars and sugar alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed 51 8082-8086... 

Kubicka D, KubiCkova I, Cejka J. Application of molecular sieves in transformations of biomass and biomass-derived feedstocks. Catal Rev 2013 55 1-78. 

Zhang H, Cheng Y-T, Vispute TP, Xiao R, Huber GW. Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived feedstocks into olefins and aromatics with ZSM-5 the hydrogen to carbon effective ratio. Energy Environ Sci 2011 4 2297-307. 

Carlson TR, Tompsett GA, Conner WC, Huber GW. Aromatic production from catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass-derived feedstocks. Top Catal 2009 52 241-52. 

Carlson, T., et al., 2009. Aromatic production from catal3ftic fast pyrolysis of biomass-derived feedstocks. Topics in Catalysis 52 (3), 241—252. 

Fogassy, G., Thegarid, N., Toussaint, G., vanVeen, A.C., Schuurman, Y., Mirodatos, C., 2010. Biomass derived feedstock co-processing with vacuum gas oil for second-generation fuel production in FCC units. Applied Catalysis B Environmental 96, 476—485. 

Petroleum-based feedstocks continue to become more expensive and, consequently, chemists are being challenged to devise processes that utilize biomass-derived feedstocks. In one of the latest developments, Claus Christensen and co-workers at the Center for Sustainable Green Chemistry at the Technical University of Denmark, in Lyngby, have described a gold-catalyzed procedure for selective oxidation of the biomass-derived platform chemicals furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural... 

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