Petal effect

Tonosaki, A., T. Nishide (2010) Novel Petal Effect of Hafnia Films Prepared in an Aqueous Solution and Containing Hydroxy Acids. Applied Physics Express, 3, 125801-1-125801-3. 

If an extremely liquid repellent surface is mechanically durable, it should ideally maintain CAH, ROA and SHA values lower than 5° or 10° for repeated mechanical degradation tests of the surface. The reason for this focus on dynamic parameters is that damaged liquid repellent surfaces sometimes maintain a high APCA but the droplets tend to stay pinned on the substrates, a phenomenon described in the literature by various researchers as petal effect [35]. Furthermore, surfaces such as the SLIPS concept are designed to have low SA values, with little attention paid to the magnitude of the APCA. For these reasons, it is of significant importance to focus on the dynamic repellency characteristics, such as CAH, ROA and SHA. 

FIGURE 5.12 Characteristics of NHSK paper, composed of 25 wt% SWCNT. The materials are flexible and workable, advantages over the relatively brittle SWCNT buckypaper. Superhydrophobicity is achieved by a mechanism similar to the petal effect as explained in the text. Annealing of the NHSK films results in a relatively smooth composite where PE has completely wetted the surface. 

Feng, L., Zhang,Y, Xi, J., Zhu,Y, Wang, N., Xia, E, Jiang, L., 2008. Petal effect a superhydrophobic state with high adhesive force. Langmuir 24, 4114. 

Simon It is just because in the species that I have discussed the carpels are the last organs to develop in the centre of the flower. There are a few exceptions in other plants where the carpels are not so central. We can introduce homeotic mutants that replace carpels with sepals or petals, and the same effects are seen. 

There are a few members of the passionflower family (Passifloraceae) that have psychotropic effects. The one most studied is Pass flora incarnata, although some work has been done on Pass flora coerulea and Passiflora edulis. P. incarnata is a colorful, flowering plant with five white or lavender petals, a purple or pink corona, and five brightly colored stamen (Gruenwald et al. 1998). The parts of the plants used for medicinal effect are the whole plant or aerial parts. It is native to the mid- to southeastern United States. Passionflower has a history with Native Americans as a poultice to treat bruises, and as a tea for sedative/anxiolytic effects (Kowalchick and Hylton 1987). It is one of the most common herbs commercially available in Britain (Tyler 1994). 

Gorton, H.L. and Vogelmann, T.C., Effects of epidermal cell shape and pigmentation on optical properties of Antirrhinum petals at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths, Plant Physiol, 112, 879, 1996. 

Relative Effects of Cotton Flower Petal Constituents on Tobacco Budworm Growth and Survival /... 

The presence of gas-phase water is generally beneficial to the photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic contaminants. In continuous photoreactors, humidity appears to prolong catalyst activity and delay or prevent catalyst deactivation. The effects of humidity on reaction rates, however, appear to vary, depending on the aromatic contaminant concentration and the humidity level. For example. Petal and Ollis [18] examined the continuous photocatalytic oxidation of m-xylene in a powder-layer photoreactor at several different relative humidity levels. The m-xylene photo-oxidation reaction rate was observed to increase for gas-phase water concentrations up to 1000 mg/m (—7% relative humidity). Increasing the humidity level further (up to 5500 mg/m ) produced a gradual decrease in the observed reaction rate, possibly due to increased adsorption-site competition between xylene and water. The reported xylene removal rate for a water concentration of 5500 mg/m was approximately half that seen at 1000 mg/m. ... 

Dervinis, C. Clark, D.G. Barrett, J.E. Nell, T.A. Effect of pollination and exogenous ethylene on accumulation of ETRl homologue transcripts during flower petal abscission in geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum L.H. Bailey). Plant Mol. Biol., 42, 847-856 (2000)... 

Once the petals have dried, brush orange petal dust and lilac petal dust onto the petals, dusting half in orange and the other half in lilac. Use brown luster on the edges and backs for a rustic effect. 

Color perception can also be influenced by the physical properties of the cells where anthocyanins accumulate. An example is provided by the effect of the Mixta gene in snapdragon, which controls conical cell shape. Petal cells lacking Mixta function are palely pigmented because of the way light reflects, which could have significant consequences in the ways pollinators are attracted.68... 

As mentioned earlier, quantitation with MS/MS is often carried out with internal standards. Without standards, the accuracy and precision of quantitation is reduced due to matrix effects. Rough estimates can be quickly obtained with MS/MS. For many problems, this information is more than sufficient. For instance, new drugs are often derived directly from plant material. One of the first questions asked is the relative concentration of the desired material in the various plant parts. MS/MS has been used to provide the approximate amounts of the targeted compound in roots, stems, petals, or flowers. The plant tissue with the highest concentration of compound is then extracted. 

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