Pesticides chlordan

Hsu J-T, Ying C, Lan H-C. 1998. The effects of pesticides chlordane, dieldrin and endosulfan on the growth of human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and SK-BR-3. J Chinese Agri Chem Soc 36(6) 535-546. 

Williams, G.M. and S. Numoto. 1984. Promotion of mouse liver neoplasms by the organochlorine pesticides chlordane and heptachlor in comparison to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Carcinogenesis 5 1689-1696. 

Telang S, Tony C, Williams GM. 1982. Epigenetic membrane effects of a possible tumor promoting type on cultured liver cells by the non-genotoxic organochlorine pesticides chlordane and heptachlor. Carcinogenesis 3 1175-1178. 

Hematological Effects. A questionnaire survey revealed that 4% of persons living in homes treated with chlordane to control termites reported anemia as a chronic effect (Menconi et al. 1988). The effect cannot be attributed to chlordane alone, because the quantitative amounts of aldrin and heptachlor were combined with the chlordane measurement in the analysis of indoor air. A number of anecdotal reports of blood dyscrasia associated with organochlorine pesticides (chlordane. 

Chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) undoubtedly represent one of the main categories of water pollutants. This is due, on one hand, to their wide use in many industrial fields from solvents to chemical industry intermediates, pesticides (chlordane, 57-74-9 [1]), fungicides (hexachlorobenzene, 118-74-1), insecticides (aldrin, 309-00-2 dieldrin, 60-57-1 endrin, 72-20-8 heptachlor, 76-44-8), dielectrics and coolants (polychlorinated biphenyls - PCBs), plasticizers (PCBs), and drugs (chloral, 75-87-6, representing the first synthetic COC, by Liebig in 1832). 

Polychlorinated Pesticides. A once substantial but now diminished use for DCPD is in the preparation of chlorinated derivatives for further use or synthesis into pesticide compounds (see Insectcontrol technology). Soil permanence and solubiUty of the products in human fatty tissues have considerably restricted the use of these compounds. The more prominent chlorinated pesticides were aldrin, dieldrin, chlordane, and heptachlor, all of which use hexachorocyclopentadiene as a starting material. Aldrin and dieldrin are no longer used in the U.S. Chlordane and heptachlor are stiU produced, but only for export use. 

Wilson and co-workers [332, 333] have discussed the determination of aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, lindane, o,p and p,p isomers of DDT and its metabolites, mirex, and toxaphene in seawater and molluscs. The US environmental Protection Agency has also published methods for organochlo-rine pesticides in water and wastewater. The Food and Drug Administration (USA) [334] has conducted a collaborative study of a method for multiple organochlorine insecticides in fish. Earlier work by Wilson et al. [333, 335] in 1968 indicated that organochlorine pesticides were not stable in seawater. 

Velsicol Chemical Corp. Wastewater from pesticide production, contains NaCl, NaOH, hex, chlordane... 

All use of chlordane was banned in Norway in 1967 (Ingebrigtsen et al. 1984). In August 1975, the USEPA issued its intent to suspend registrations and prohibit production of all pesticides containing heptachlor or chlordane, based on evidence of carcinogenicity (Glooschenko and Lott 1977). On July 1, 1983, chlordane use was prohibited in the United States for any purpose except to control underground termites. A similar situation exists in Japan (Ohno et al. 1986 Tojo et al. 1986). 

Technical chlordane is an organochlorine compound first introduced into the United States in 1947 in a variety of formulations for use as a broad-spectrum pesticide. By 1974, about 9.5 million kg of chlordane were being produced annually. Concern over the potential carcinogenicity of chlordane has led to sharply curtailed production. Since 1983, chlordane use in the United States has been prohibited, except for control of underground termites. 

Loganathan, B.G., S. Tanabe, M. Goto, and R. Tatsukawa. 1989. Temporal trends of organochlorine residues in lizard goby Rhinogobius flumineus from the River Nagaragawa, Japan. Environ. Pollut. 62 237-251. Ludke, J.L. 1976. Organochlorine pesticide residues associated with mortality additivity of chlordane and endrin. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16 253-259. 

Terrence Collins is the Thomas Lord Professor of Chemistry at Carnegie Mellon University who contends that the dangers of chlorine chemistry are not adequately addressed by either academe or industry, and alternatives to chlorine and chlorine processors must be pursued. He notes, Many serious pollution episodes are attributable to chlorine products and processes. This information also belongs in chemistry courses to help avoid related mistakes. Examples include dioxin-contaminated 2,4,5-T, extensively used as a peacetime herbicide and as a component of the Vietnam War s agent orange chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs the pesticides aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, DDT, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, lindane, mirex, and toxaphene pentachlorophe-... 

Estimated half-lives for chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides vary widely [16, 22] Aldrin, 1-9 Dieldrin, 3-7 Chlordane, 1-8 Heptachlor, 1-4 and DDT, 3-10 years. Half-lives for PCBs range from one year to 16 years [23]. Other types of pesticides, e.g. organophosphates, triazines, carbamates and ureas, are generally less persistent [16, 24],... 

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