Pesticides sources

Fig. 1.5 Supercritical fluid chromatography of pesticides. Source Own files...

Lewis RG, Lee RE. 1976. Air pollution from pesticides Sources, occurrences and dispersions. In Lee RE, ed. Air pollution from pesticides and agricultural processes. Cleveland, OH CRC Press. 

Lewis RG, Lee RE Jr. 1976. Air pollution from pesticides sources, occurance, and dispersion. In Air Pollution from Pesticides and Agricultural Processes. Ed RE Lee, Jr. CRC Press, Inc. pg 18. 

Figure 20.1 U.S. shipments of pesticides. Source Annual Survey of Manufactures)...

Figure 20.2 U.S. production of pesticides. (Source Chemical and Engineering News, Facts and Figures for the Chemical Industry, and Chemical Economics Handbook)...

Camann, D.E., H.J. Harding and R.G. Lewis (1990). Trapping of particle-associated pesticides in indoor air by polyurethane foam and exploration of soil track-in as a pesticide source, in Indoor Air 90, Vol. 2, D.S. WaUdnshaw (Ed.), Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 621-626. 

Pesticides are either semivolatile or nonvolatile . For example, the boiling points of DDT (260 °C), lindane (around 320 °C) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) (around 310 °C) [8] classify these pesticides as semivolatile. SVOCs partition between air and house dust, whereas POM are exclusively found in house dust. Methods to analyze pesticides in indoor air (semivolatile pesticides) and in house dust (semivolatile and particle-bound pesticides as well as particulate pesticides), sources for their occurrence indoors, concentrations found in indoor environments as well as impacts are reviewed in this chapter. 

Biocides should not be present in water used for aquaculture. Sources of herbicides and pesticides are mnoff from agricultural land, contamination of the water table, and spray drift from crop-dusting activity. Excessive levels of phosphoms and nitrogen may occur where mnoff from fertilized land enters an aquaculture faciUty either from surface mnoff or groundwater contamination. Trace metal levels should be low as indicated in Tables 4 and 5. 

ISI is available in hard copy and electronically at EPA s headquarters and regional Hbraries, and through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). The electronic form may be installed on IBM PC-compatible computers or placed on local area networks, and mn under Microsoft WINDOWS or WordPerfect s Library program. The Macintosh version is no longer available. The 1993 update will include the ISI hardcopy, PC disks, and the PC system user manual. EPA also pubHshes ACCESS EPA, which provides sources of information, databases, and pubHcations within the EPA. Chapter 5 of that pubhcation includes important environmental databases in air and soHd waste, pesticides and toxic substances, water, and cross-program (110). EPA also provides databases accessible through EPA Hbraries, which describe the private EPA and commercial databases available to Hbrary users (111). 

Discovery. The traditional approach to new pesticide discovery was to make iatuitive changes ia the substitueats oa a promising primary chemical stmcture. Initially, materials from any source were subjected to screening for biological activity as iasecticides, herbicides, or fungicides. 

Drinking Water Health Advisories for Pesticides, Office of Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Lewis Pubhshets, Chelsea, Mich., 1989. Includes data used for evaluating 1-day, 10-day, and longer-term health advisories for 50 pesticides which have a potential for being found in drinking water, with specific references as sources of information. 

T. Cairns and J. Sherma, eds.. Comprehensive Analytical Profiles of Important Pesticides, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1992, 304 pp. From the series ModemMethods for Pesticide Analysis, provides detailed information on properties and analytical methodology for nine prominent pesticides, pyrethroids, and fumigants in food. Includes formulations and uses, chemical and physical properties, toxicity data, and tolerances on various foods and feeds. Analytical information may be given in enough detail for methods to be carried out without having to consult additional Hterature sources. 

Part 454 gum and wood chemicals manufacturing point source category Part 455 pesticide chemicals... 

Sustainable Agriculture. The third factor that will influence the future of pesticide sales is the emphasis on sustainable agriculture systems that rely on more natural pest control methods and reduced pesticide usage. These are integrated systems that requke nutrients and crop protection chemicals from on-farm natural sources and cultural methods. Many current sustainable farms are site-specific systems that may depend on the soils in a... 

MAFF/SOAFD Pesticide Usage Survey Group, Arable Farm Crops in Great Britain 1994, 1995. Water Research Council, Atmospheric Sources of PoUntion. Inputs of Trace Organics to Surface Waters, R D Report No. 20, Water Research Council, 1995. 

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