Pesticide usage survey

MAFF/SOAFD Pesticide Usage Survey Group, Arable Farm Crops in Great Britain 1994, 1995. Water Research Council, Atmospheric Sources of PoUntion. Inputs of Trace Organics to Surface Waters, R D Report No. 20, Water Research Council, 1995. 

The only phenoxy-acid herbicides to have significant current agricultural use in the USA are 2,4-D, esters of 2,4-D, and MCPA [79]. The total amount of phenoxy compounds used in the US agriculture has remained stable over the last two decades [79]. In Ontario, 2,4-D, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, and dicamba accounted for about 10% of the herbicide used in agriculture in 1998 [2], A 1993 pesticide usage survey carried out in Ontario indicated urban applications of phenoxy-acid herbicides similar to agricultural usage [76]. 

R. P. Davis, M. R. Thomas, D. G. Garthwaite and H. M. Bowen, Pesticide Usage Survey Report 108 Arable Farm Crops in Great Britain, MAFF, London, 1992. 

Pesticide Usage Survey, Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YQ41 1LZ, UK... 

The pesticide usage survey (PUS) is a voluntary survey of a representative sample of agricultural and horticultural businesses located throughout the United... 

Table 2.2 Fenpropimorph-estimated annual pesticide usage in Great Britain 1999 (all formulations). Data from Defra Pesticide Usage Surveys in Great Britain 1996/99...

Cutler, J.R. (1981) Pesticide Usage Survey Report 27-Review of Pesticide Usage in Agriculture, Horticulture and Animal Husbandry, 1975-1979. Edinburgh DAFS. 

Sly, J.M.A. (1977) Pesticide Usage Survey Report 8—Review of Usage of Pesticides in Agriculture and Horticulture in England and Wales, 1965—1974. London MAFF. Publications. 

Thomas, M.R. (1996) Pesticide usage surveys - towards a more efficient residue analysis. Proceedings of the 1st European Pesticide Residue Workshop, Alkmaar, The Netherlands, June (1996), pp 0-015, Inspectorate for Health Protection/Food Inspection Service, Alkmaar, The Netherlands. 

J.E. Keil, S.T. Caldwell, C. B. Loadholt. Pesticide Usage Survey of Agricultural,... 

Garthwaite D G, Barker I, Parrish G, Smith L, Chippindale C and Pietravalle S, Pesticide Usage Survey Report 235, Arable Crops in the UK 2010, Delia, 2011. 

Mg. 0.6 Pesticide-treated area of crops as a percentage of cropped land (adapted from pesticide usage survey results, Defra). Note Data were for Englmd and Wales in 1974, for Great Britain in 1988 and 1998, and for the UK in 2010. 

Sly J M A, Pesticide Usage Survey Report 8 Review of usage ofpesticides in agriculture and horticulture in England and Wales 1965 1974, MAFF, 1977. 

Fig. 2 Pesticide usage in the Lake Erie, Lake Michigan, and Lake Superior Basins in 1995 total pesticide usages in Lakes Erie, Michigan, and Superior Basins were 8280250, 13401918, and 33422 lbs, respectively. Lake Erie Basin includes Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania Lake Michigan Basin includes Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin Lake Superior Basin includes Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin. Lrom [15] (originally from USDA/NASS Chemical survey reports for 1994-1995)...

Various types of studies exist on the different pesticide regimes applied to genetically modified crops, including field trials and farmer surveys. Field trials represent model conditions and model practices, and would render results for our study that are not fully representative for the impact of GM crops on pesticide usage in practice. Therefore, preference is given to studies on the real-practice use of pesticides in GM crops, including farmer surveys. 

As discussed in Chapter 14, pesticide products are mixtures of lipophilic and hydrophilic components. In a survey of more than 20,000 farmers who were certified pesticide applicators, it was found that total pesticide usage was related to the onset of wheezing (asthma symptom). It was... 

Much NCRPIAP research has been directed toward the determination of the risk factors related to applicator and field worker exposure to pesticides. Several such research papers have been presented In this symposium and others have already appeared In print. This presentation may reiterate some data that have already been reported and attempt to correlate such with pesticide use and personal protection data obtained through surveys. Pesticide usage data reported herein are that obtained In the 1982 survey of major field crops In Ohio (10) but are applicable to most states, particularly in the North Central Region, involved In corn, soybean, grain and alfalfa production as noted in the regional survey of 1978 (11). 

Endosulfan is a popular pesticide with greenhouse chrysanthemum producers. Surveys of usage patterns and potential exposure were conducted in Ontario (Archibald et al. 1994b). Collection and analysis of a-and P-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate in greenhouse air have been described (Vidal et al. 1997). Results indicate that 7.5% of the initial concentration of endosulfan remained in the greenhouse atmosphere 24 hours after application. 

In comparison with OC pesticides, the current-use OP and carbamate pesticides are relatively more water soluble and less bioaccumulative. However, because of the high volume of their usage, there is a potential for these compounds to be present in the environment. Herbicides such as atrazine, metolachlor, and alachlor have been surveyed in the Great Lakes [59] and along the margins of fields, streams, and tributaries within the Great Lakes Basin [5,60]. 

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