Persistent bioaccumulative and toxic PBTs

US EPA (2007) Fact Sheet L Multimedia Strategy for Priority Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) Chemicals. [Online - accessed 1 May 2007] Available from URL http //www.epa.gov/ pbt/pubs/fact.htm... 

Reducing the presence of the most persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemicals in hazardous wastes by 50% by the year 2005. 

USEPA (2008) Persistent bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) Chemical Program. DDT. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Available from www.epa.gov... 

Authorisation will also be required for persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) and very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) substances. The PBT and vPvB criteria are defined in Annex XII of the Regulation (Table 7). There are subtle differences in the... 

The Swedish Classification Scheme initiated in 2005 by the Swedish Association of Pharmacy Industries (LIF), the Swedish Medical Products Agency, Apoteket (National Corporation of Swedish Pharmacies), the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions and the Stockholm County Council, take in account Persistence, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity (PBT) characteristics of pharmaceutical products. This voluntary scheme looks at the environmental hazard and the associated risk of pharmaceutical products. The environmental risk is calculated based on the ratio PEC/PNEC according to the EMEA guideline [17,124, 127]. The obtained information is only available on the website www.fss.se, since due to European restrictions it is not possible to include warning labels on the packaging of medications [17]. 

Name persistent environmental contaminants (have various names depending on agency - i.e. US EPA persistent bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) or United Nations persistent organic pollutant (POP)... 

US Environmental Protection Agency - Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) Chemical Program. Online. Available HTTP (accessed 9 April 2003). 

These relationships allow for screening and ranking of toxicity so that the least toxic option may be used if deemed appropriate. They are applied in many jurisdictions for regulatory use in the prediction of ecological effects (and fate) of chemicals when there are no actual toxicity data and decisions need to be made about their use [99]. QSARs have been developed, for example, to predict which chemicals may exhibit persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT) properties, or be very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) [99]. These methods have been applied to the prediction of chemicals that fall under the European REACH initiative and also high production volume (HPV) chemicals [99]. Currently available QSARs for predicting a compound s fall into two general classes those that have been developed for a nonspecific mode of action, and those that have been developed for specific types or classes of chemicals [99]. 

REACH introduces the concept of adequate control in EU chemical law. Traditionally, the term adequate control has been used to refer to good practice in the workplace. REACH now redefines adequate control in the form of risk management measures detailed in an exposure scenario necessary for the control of hazardous properties. Through a set of systematic procedures, risk management measures must be selected to reduce exposure below which adverse effects to human health or the environment are likely to occur (i.e., a DNEL, DMEL or PNEC). There is debate as to whether a concept of a safe level of exposure reduction, similar to adequate control, can apply to non-threshold carcinogens and mutagens, endocrine disruptors, persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) or VPVB substances (e.g., [270]). Industry may need to demonstrate that exposure to these substances is always avoided or minimised, as specified in Annex I of the REACH Regulation. 

REACH technical guidance documents (TGD) may prove instrumental for the future development of international guidance. Perhaps more importantly, substances subject to authorisation due to their persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) characteristics will also be proposed for inclusion on the International Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) register or other international conventions... 

A number of methodologies and associated interpretations have been proposed for calculating characterization factors for toxicological risks and the potential impacts in LCA. Score-based factors initially helped to rank emissions in terms of selected fate, exposure, and toxicity parameters. These were often similar to the ordinal persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT) scores used in other applications. Approaches now rely to a greater extent on the use of mechanistic models and, to a lesser extent, on epidemiological data. 

Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) substances are chemicals that persist in the environment, accumulate in tissues of biological organisms and cause toxic effects. PBT substances are characterized by having persis-... 

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) substances are carbon-based chemicals that resist degradation in the environment and accumulate in the tissues of living organisms, where they can produce undesirable effects on human health or the environment at certain exposure levels (Pavan Worth, 2006). 

Listed as a persistent bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) chemical that is manufactured, processed, or otherwise used at your facility above the designated threshold for that chemical. Names of PBT chemicals, CAS Registry numbers, category codes for chemical categories, and reporting thresholds are listed in 40 CFR 372. 

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