Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding protein

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Figure 3 Transcription of PPAR target genes. A schematic representation of the transcription of PPAR-regulated genes in the absence (a) and presence (b) of PPAR ligand. Abbreviations PPAR-RE, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-response element RNA Pol II, RNA polymerase II TATA-BP, TATA-binding protein. 

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors that bind to DNA response elements (PPREs) and control multiple aspects of lipid metabolism. Individual members of this family of zinc-finger proteins are activated by a variety of natural and xenobiotic dgands, including ... 

Some effects of prostaglandins are mediated through cell surface G-protein coupled receptors (see Chapter ll).306 Some other prostanoids bind to and activate nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.306 PGJ2 may inhibit fatty acid synthesis and fat deposition in adipose tissue through these receptors. Some of the prostanoid derivatives enter membranes and may become incorporated into phospholipids and exert their effects there. 

Yoshikawa T, Ide T, Shimano H, Yahagi N, Amemiya-Kudo M, Matsuzaka T, Yatoh S, Kitamine T, Okazaki H, Tamura Y, et al. Cross-talk between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and liver X receptor (LXR) in nutritional regulation of fatty acid metabolism. I. PPARs suppress sterol regulatory element binding protein-Ic promoter through inhibition of LXR signaling. Mol. Endocrinol. 2003 17 1240-1254. 

Hollenberg, A. N., Susulic, V. S., Madura, J. P., Ahang, B., Moller, D. E., Tontonoz, E, Sarraf, P., Spiegehnan, B. M., and Lowell, B. B. (1997). Fimctional antagonism between CCAAT / enhancer binding protein-a and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y on the leptin promoter. /. Biol. Chem. 272,5283-5290. 

Pirard, B. (2003) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors target family landscape a chemometrical approach to ligand selectivity based on protein binding site analysis. /. Comput. Aided Mol. Des. 17, 785-796. 

Guo, D., Sarkar, J., Ahmed, M.R., Viswakarma, N., Jia, Y., Yu, S., Sambasiva Rao, M. and Reddy, J.K. (2006) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-binding protein (PBP) but not PPAR-interacting protein (PRIP) is required for nuclear translocation of constitutive androstane receptor in mouse liver. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 347, 485—495. 

Woifrum, C., Borrmann, C. M., Borchers, T., and Spener, F. Fatty acids and hypolipidemic drugs regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha - and gamma-mediated gene expression via liver fatty acid binding protein a signaling path to the nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98 (2001) 2323-2328. 

Abbreviations FASN, fatty acid synthase ACC, acetyl-CoA-carboxylase ACL, ATP-citrate lyase NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate MAT, malonyl acetyl transferases KS, ketoacyl synthase KR, p-ketoacyl reductase DH, p-hydroxyacyl dehydratase ER, enoyl reductase TE, thioesterase ACP, acyl carrier protein VLCFA, very long chain fatty acids ELOVL, elongation of very long chain fatty acids SCDl, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 AMPK, AMP-activated kinase ME, malic enzyme FASKOL, liver-specific deletion of FAS PPARa, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activating Receptor alpha HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA SREBP, sterol response element binding protein SIP, site-one protease S2P, site-two... 

Fig. 6. Coordinated transcriptional regulation of fatty acid desaturases and elongases in mammals. PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids +, stimulation inhibition LXR, liver X receptor RXR retinoid X receptor SREBP, sterol regulatory element binding protein ChREBP, carbohydrate response element binding protein Mix, Max-like receptor PPAR-ot, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha LXRE, liver X receptor response element SRE, sterol response element ChoRE, carbohydrate response element PPRE, peroxisome proliferator response element. (See color plate section, plate no. 6.)...

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