Safety peroxides

Dibenzoyl Peroxide Safety goggles, face shield, rubber gloves. Do not use oils or ointments flush eyes with plenty of water, get medical attention wash skin with plenty of soap and water. Do not use oils or ointments flush eyes with plenty of water, get medical attention wash skin with plenty of soap and water... 

Health and Safety Factors. Because of their high vapor pressures (methyl vinyl ether is a gas at ambient conditions), the lower vinyl ethers represent a severe fire hazard and must be handled accordingly. Contact with acids can initiate violent polymerization and must be avoided. Although vinyl ethers form peroxides more slowly than saturated ethers, distillation residues must be handled with caution. 

Fig. 6. Schematic ignition diagram for a hydrocarbon+ O2 mixture, with appHcations. Region A, very rapid combustion, eg, a jet engine region B, low temperature ignition, eg, internal combustion engine, safety ha2ards regions C and D, slow oxidation to useful chemicals, eg, 0-heterocycHc compounds in C and alcohols and peroxides in D. Courtesy of Blackwell Scientific PubHcations, Ltd., Oxford (60).

Suggested Relative Hasard Classification of Organic Peroxides, Technical PubHcation, Organic Peroxide Producers Safety Division, The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., New York, 1992. 

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and the organic peroxides producers recommendations should be followed carefljlly for handling and storage of organic peroxide compositions. 

The decomposition kinetics of an organic peroxide, as judged by 10-h HLT, largely determines the suitabiUty of a particular peroxide initiator in an end use appHcation (22). Other important factors ate melting point, solubiUty, cost, safety, efficiency, necessity for refrigerated storage and shipment, compatibihty with production systems, effects on the finished product, and potential for activation. 

Safety of Organic Peroxides, Technical Bulletin, Akzo Chemicals B.V., Devener, the Nethedands, 1990. 

The plutonium extracted by the Purex process usually has been in the form of a concentrated nitrate solution or symp, which must be converted to anhydrous PuF [13842-83-6] or PuF, which are charge materials for metal production. The nitrate solution is sufficientiy pure for the processing to be conducted in gloveboxes without P- or y-shielding (130). The Pu is first precipitated as plutonium(IV) peroxide [12412-68-9], plutonium(Ill) oxalate [56609-10-0], plutonium(IV) oxalate [13278-81-4], or plutonium(Ill) fluoride. These precipitates are converted to anhydrous PuF or PuF. The precipitation process used depends on numerous factors, eg, derived purity of product, safety considerations, ease of recovering wastes, and required process equipment. The peroxide precipitation yields the purest product and generally is the preferred route (131). The peroxide precipitate is converted to PuF by HF—O2 gas or to PuF by HF—H2 gas (31,132). 

Thiol spills are handled ia the same manner that all chemical spills are handled, with the added requirement that the odor be eliminated as rapidly as possible. In general, the leak should be stopped, the spill should be contained, and then the odor should be reduced. The odor can be reduced by sprayiag the spill area with sodium hypochlorite (3% solution), calcium hypochlorite solution (3%), or hydrogen peroxide (3—10% solution). The use of higher concentrations of oxidant gives strongly exothermic reactions, which iacrease the amount of thiol ia the vapor, as well as pose a safety ha2ard. The apphcation of an adsorbent prior to addition of the oxidant can be quite helpful and add to the ease of cleanup. 

At 70—140°C, peroxide is vaporised. Peroxide vapor has been reported to rapidly inactivate pathogenic bacteria, yeast, and bacterial spores in very low concentrations (133). Experiments using peroxide vapor for space decontamination of rooms and biologic safety cabinets hold promise (134). The use of peroxide vapor and a plasma generated by radio frequency energy releasing free radicals, ions, excited atoms, and excited molecules in a sterilising chamber has been patented (135). 

Properties and Applieations. Aryloxyphosphazene elastomers using phenoxy and J-ethylphenoxy substituents have found interest in a number of appHcations involving fire safety. This elastomer has a limiting oxygen index of 28 and contains essentially no halogens. It may be cured using either peroxide or sulfur. Peroxide cures do not require the allyhc cute monomer. Gum physical properties are as follows (17) ... 

Caution All reactions with organic peroxides should be conducted behind a safety shield, since peroxides occasionally explode. 

The most difficult aspect of the method is the fact that it is based on the handling of compounds that unequivocally belong to the family of powerful explosives. There is no doubt that working with peroxide compounds is dangerous and requires the development and implementation of special procedures and safety equipment. 

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