Energy radio frequency

Within its orbit, which has some of the characteristics of a molecular orbital because it is shared with electrons on the surrounding atoms, the electron has two possible spin multiplicity states. These have different energies, and because of the spin-multiplicity rule, when an (N-V) center emits a photon, the transition is allowed from one of these and forbidden from the other. Moreover, the electron can be flipped from one state to another by using low-energy radio-frequency irradiation. Irradiation with an appropriate laser wavelength will excite the electron and as it returns to the ground state will emit fluorescent radiation. The intensity of the emitted photon beam will depend upon the spin state, which can be changed at will by radio-frequency input. These color centers are under active exploration for use as components for the realization of quantum computers. 

Radio frequency and microwave energy can be used to heat wetted textile structures. The textile structure can be heated uniformly throughout, since water as a polar medium absorbs the energy. Radio frequency and... 

If energy of the proper frequency is supplied, a transition between these quantum states occurs with the absorption of an amount of energy equal to the separation of the states. The frequency of the absorbed radiation lies in the radio-frequency range and depends on the local magnetic field at the atom in question. 

A unique process for chemical stabili2ation of a ceUular elastomer upon extmsion has been shown for ethylene—propylene mbber the expanded mbber obtained by extmsion is exposed to high energy radiation to cross-link or vulcani2e the mbber and give dimensional stabUity (9). EPDM is also made continuously through extmsion and a combination of hot air and microwaves or radio frequency waves which both activate the blow and accelerate the cure. 

Microwave or radio frequencies above 1 MHz that are appHed to a gas under low pressure produce high energy electrons, which can interact with organic substrates in the vapor and soHd state to produce a wide variety of reactive intermediate species cations, anions, excited states, radicals, and ion radicals. These intermediates can combine or react with other substrates to form cross-linked polymer surfaces and cross-linked coatings or films (22,23,29). 

An innovative companion technology to SVE is radio frequency heating of the soil (42,43). Heating the soil increases the volatilization of the containments which are removed by SVE. Antennae are installed near the center of the contaminated area the radio frequency energy appHed through the anteimae heat the soil to target levels of 100 to 150°C. 

At 70—140°C, peroxide is vaporised. Peroxide vapor has been reported to rapidly inactivate pathogenic bacteria, yeast, and bacterial spores in very low concentrations (133). Experiments using peroxide vapor for space decontamination of rooms and biologic safety cabinets hold promise (134). The use of peroxide vapor and a plasma generated by radio frequency energy releasing free radicals, ions, excited atoms, and excited molecules in a sterilising chamber has been patented (135). 

Very slow exchange. Slow exchange means that the lifetime ta = tb in each site is very long. Thus, a nucleus in site A precesses many times, at frequency (vq i a) in the rotating frame, before it leaves site A, and similarly for a nucleus in site B. Thus, there is time for absorption of energy from the radio-frequency field ffi, and resonance peaks appear at Va nd Vb in the laboratory frame. 

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