Peroxides health hazards

In propellant and missile productions health hazards may arise from contact with ammonia, aniline, MeOH,furfuryl ale, hydrazine, JP-4, hydrogen peroxide and red fuming nitric acid (Ref 2), as well as other propellant ingredients such as NG, epoxy comps, polyurethanes, Amm Perchlorate etc (Ref 5)... 

The Sintox primer mixture contains tetracene, diazole, zinc peroxide/ titanium powder, and nitrocellulose ball powder.53 The use of this primer coupled with a totally jacketed bullet (base also enclosed) entirely eliminates the health hazard problem. 

The peroxide (ozone) forming effects of nitrous oxides near ground level as well as the carcinogenic components of Diesel exhaust are the reason Diesel engines have recently also been subjected to special emission guidelines. They supposedly pose a danger to human respiration. This is why the studies conducted in Germany of health hazards posed by Diesel exhaust were almost entirely confined to analyses of the proportions of smoke solids and non-combusted hydrocarbons.57... 

Plastic components (whether container or closure) can be sterilized using steam, ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide, or ionizing radiation. The y irradiation is accomplished off-site by a subcontractor with appropriate expertise as these methods are considered the province of specialists because of the extreme health hazards directly related to the sterilization method. Electron beam sterilization may also be done by a contractor, although compact lower energy electron beam systems have been introduced that allow sterilization in-house. Steam sterilization is ordinarily performed in house, though many common components are becoming available presterilized by the supplier. Preparation steps prior to sterilization vary with the component and the methods used to produce the component. Rubber components are washed to reduce particles, while this is less common with plastic materials. 

Acrylamide grouts at ambient temperatures are catalyzed with a two-component redox system. One part, the initiator or catalyst, can be a peroxide or a persalt. Ammonium persulfate (AP), a powder, is most commonly used. The second part, the accelerator or activator, is an organic such as triethanolamine, (TEA), nitrilotrispropionamide (NTP), or dimethylaminiopropionitrile (DMAPN). All three have disadvantages. DMAPN, a liquid, is best from a control point of view but is considered a health hazard. NTP, a powder, has limited solubility in water, particularly at low temperatures. TEA, a liquid, is somewhat metal-sensitive. At the present time virtually all U.S. applications use TEA. There are also materials which act as inhibitors and can be used reliably to control gel time. Potassium ferricyanide, KFe, is most often used. 

The hydrogen peroxide solutions with which people come into contact at home pose little or no health hazard because the concentration of the compound is very low, usually about 3 percent. Prolonged use of hydrogen peroxide may cause burns on the skin, however, and the more concentrated solutions used in industry present more serious hazards. They can be toxic if ingested and are explosive if not stored properly. 

The health hazard from benzoyl peroxide is low. It can cause irritation of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes. An intraperi-toneal injection of 250 mg/kg was lethal to adult mice. Systemic toxicity in humans is not known. It may be mild to moderately toxic on an acute basis. The oral LD50 value in rats is 7710 mg/kg (NIOSH 1986). Its toxicity from inhalation is low an LC50 value of 700 ppm in mice is suggested (ACGIH 1986). 

Health hazards (mostly allergens) observed with UP composites are usually either due to non-crosslinked UP, mainly due to remnants as mentioned previously (such as, styrene, cobalt naphthanate, phthalates or tricresyl phosphate, benzoyl peroxide and other catalysts) or to the under-cured resin (i.e., UP automobile repair putty). Benzoyl peroxide is known to be a strong skin irritant [70]. 

Precaution Combustible liq. and vapor peroxide former Hazardous Decanp. Prods. CO, CO2 heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and initating fumes NFPA Health 1, Flammability 2, Reactivity 0 Uses Solvent for resins and high-solids coatings (NC, butyrate, ethyl cellulose, acrylic), cosmetics coalescing aid forwater-disp. coatings in food-pkg. adhesives Reffldatay FDA 21CFR 175.105... 

Environmental VOC ThOD 1.25 Precaution Combustible exposed to heat or flame LEL 0.8% incompat. with oxidizing materials peroxide former Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid and irritating fumes NFPA Health 1, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Uses Solvent for printing inks, water-based... 

Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit ammable gases Oxidizing liquids Oxidizing solids Organic peroxides p. Corrosive to metals Health hazards ... 

The most frequently encountered emissions in plastics processing are probably solvents (from adhesives and paints) and styrene monomer (from polyester/glass lamination). There may be a health hazard from curing agents aliphatic amine-types can cause serious irritation (even burns) and there is also a serious rash/ asthmatic-type response. Liquid organic peroxides, such as MEKP, should be treated with extreme caution. They are sensitive to heat, are themselves combustible and will promote combustion. 

Hazard. Hazard is an inherent property or ability of a substance to cause an adverse effect or event. Classes of hazards include physical hazards (e.g., compressed gases, explosives, flammables, organic peroxides, pyrophorics, unstable and water-reactive materials) and health hazards (e.g., asphyxiants, irritants, systemic toxins, reproductive toxins, carcinogens). 

Legally required standby power systems are intended to provide electric power for control of health hazards and to aid in fire fighting or rescue operations. Upon loss of normal power, legally required standby systems must be connected to the alternate power source wiY/i/w 60 seconds. Standby power shall be provided in Group H, Divisions 1 and 2 Occupancies and in Group H, Division 3 Occupancies in which Class I, II or III organic peroxides are stored (UBC 307.2.7). 

Possible health hazards may arise during handling and usage of peroxides thus eontaet with eyes, skin, and mucous membranes should be avoided. 

Chemical disinfectants that can be used as space decontaminants include formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde vapor, ethylene oxide, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and methyl bromide. When these are used in closed systems and under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity, excellent disinfection can be obtained. Residues from ethylene oxide must be removed by aeration ethylene oxide is convenient to use, versatile, and noncorrosive, but it is explosive and extremely toxic and, being a carcinogen, is a potential health hazard. Peracetic acid is corrosive for metals and rubber. 

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