Periodontium

Kuboki Y, Takagi T, Sasaki S, Saito S and Mechanic GL (1981) Comparative collagen biochemistry of bovine periodontium, gingiva, and dental pulp. J Dent Res 60, 159-163. 

Otitis media inflammation or infection of the middle ear Paget s disease non-metabolic disease of the bones Paraesthesia numbness and tingling sensation Parkinson s disease progressive degenerative neurological disease characterised by tremors and muscle rigidity Periodontitis inflammation of the periodontium Peripheral neuropathies disorders of the peripheral nervous system... 

An examination by the dentist should eliminate many of the potential systemic issues that can affect the periodontium of this patient. For example, the age of the patient, her appearance, and questions about her diet should be enough to rule in or out issues concerning puberty and malnutrition. However, if systemic conditions cannot be ruled out, an additional physical examination by a physician may be necessary. Additional tests to be requested could include oral glucose tolerance test for diabetes mellitus, human chorionic gonadotropin levels for pregnancy, and/or qualitative and quantitative evaluation of bone marrow cells and blood cells for leukemia. 

In the 3-hour group, the width of the periodontium at the distal tension side enlarged to a size of 100 pm, resulting in relative mobility of the root and stretching of the periodontal fibers with the formation of interfiber space. The root on the pressure side approached further toward the alveolar bone. On the tension side, cytoplasms of the periodontal fibroblasts were... 

From the results of the current examination, Runx2 showed weak activity in periodontal fibroblasts of the control group at all the time intervals. This result was compatible with the report of Saito et al.[36], which mentioned the low transcriptional activity of Runx2 expression in PDL-L2 cells. In our results, Msx2 revealed also weak expression in the periodontium space during all the experiment time intervals similar to Runx2 expression... 

The use of arsenical paste in dental medicine can lead to severe toxicity. Severe alveolar bone necrosis has been reported as a result of leakage of an arsenical devitalization paste into the periodontium (24). 

Fig. 3.5 The periodontium. The periodontium consists of the gingiva and underlying periodontal membrane. Both are is composed of large bundles of collagen mixed with large and small oxytalan fibers that allow the periodontium to respond to violent movements of the tooth within the jaws during mastication...

Many cells secrete at least one of the three immature forms of TGF-P, and essentially all cells have receptors that respond to the presence of mature TGF-P in the stroma. In the periodontium, TGF-P stimulates fibroblast and osteoblast proliferation during connective tissue or bone remodeling (Sect. 10.1.3), and maintains the proliferation of dentally attached epithelial cells (Sect. 5.2.3). The linker domains that connect calcium binding domains in fibrillin are identical to the sequence of protein receptors that bind to TGF-P (Sect. 6.1.1). 

Periodontal disease describes a mixture of diseases in which the periodontal attachment is destroyed, resulting in loose teeth that may exfoliate. Periodontitis is divided into chronic and aggressive forms that are localized or generahzed (affect few or many teeth). Chronic periodontitis is very common (Sects. 13.1.2-13.4.3), whereas aggressive periodontitis is rare (Chap. 14). The collagen fibers of the gingiva and periodontium are described in Chap. 3 (Sect. 3.1.5), and its epithelial cover in Chap. 5 (Sect. 5.2.3). 

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