Periodontitis detection

Kuboniwa, M. Amano, A. Kimura, K. R. Sekine, S. Kato, S. Yamamoto, Y. Okahashi, N. Iida, T. Shizukuishi, S. Quantitative detection of periodontal pathogens using real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 2004,19,168-176. 

In the 24-hour group, the periodontal tissue on the pressure side approached further toward the alveolar bone and the cell components were almost not recognized. On the other hand, on the tension side, the cytoplasms of the periodontal fibroblasts were in a spindle shape, and their nuclei were in a slight thick elliptical shape. Osteoblasts on the alveolar bone surface were mostly in a cylindrical or short elliptical shape. A similar appearance was also detected in the cementoblasts. 

Although high levels of fluoride (<3,000 ppm) kill most bacteria, there is little evidence that common levels of fluoride (1-10 ppm) alter the types of bacterial species or their relative concentrations in biofilms. Mutans and other streptococci in the biofilm may switch to asaccharolytic fermentation (Sect. 1.3.2). A fluoride-mediated reduction in bacterial acid production, ensues without a detectable change in bacterial biofilm composition. Correspondingly, fluoride has no effect on the development of gingivitis or its progression to periodontitis. 

Elevated plasma levels of IL-1 have been detected in a wide range of different conditions that are characterized by inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), acute arthritides (D13, E2, M5), Crohns disease (SIO), periodontitis (C16), sunburn (G20), bums (K34), endometriosis (F3), psoriasis (C5), gram-positive meningitis (Sll), and extended exercise in healthy volunteers (C9). In RA there is some correlation with disease activity (E2). In synovial fluid, biologically active... 

Various volatile compounds such as skatole, indole, sulfides, and long chain alcohols have been identified in the headspace of saliva samples. These materials increase in both a quantitative and qualitative fashion with varying degrees of periodontitis. Specifically, alkyl pyridines appear to be present in the saliva only in individuals with periodontal disease. The monitoring of these compounds may allow the detection of the early stages of this disease process which effects 60-70% of the population. 

Beside these periodontal pathogens, epidemiological studies have shown the potential association between RA and two herpes viruses the Epstein—Barr virus (EBV) and Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV6). In fact, higher levels of antibodies against these two viruses were detected in RA patients, and also in vitro studies demonstrated an abnormal response of RA individuals against EBV in particular. However, despite these observations, it is not clear why the widespread infections by EBV and HHV6 would be able to induce RA only in a small subset of people, as the worldwide prevalence of RA is 0.5—1% of adults in the developed countries. ... 

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