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Periodic premium

The buyer of protection pays to the seller a periodic premium, often quarterly, and expressed on a per annum basis. The actual cash amounts of all future premium payments are always known, since the terms of the default swap are set on the trade date. Therefore, we can think of these payments as a series of cash flows and value them according to the method above. We define d to be a function representing the number of calendar days since the inception of the default swap. We then define an integer variable / to represent each premium payment date, such that d is a function of /, d(j). Time is also a function of /, and that is simply the number of years from t = 0 until t = j For our sample 2-year credit default swap, the dates are shown in Exhibit 22.2. [Pg.695]

This technique was hard on both fabric and equipment, but the premium price advantages of such garments in the marketplace seemed to justify the extra care and expense necessary for production (119—122). Care must be taken in processing as holes in garments or tom pockets, etc, may result. Although there was a period when such garment holes were fashionable, this trend seems to have abated. [Pg.447]

Current production of NR is about 5.2 X 10 tonnes. For some years it has enjoyed a premium price over SBR because of its desirable characteristics described above and, compared with other large tonnage polymers, a somewhat restricted supply. Clearly it is difficult to substantially increase the production of such a material in a short period of time and indeed the attractions of other crops such as palm oil as well as the desire to move away from a monoculture economy mitigate against this. The indications are that, unless there is undue intervention of political factors, the future of natural rubber as a major elastomer remains secure. [Pg.289]

Switch plant off for periods when electricity is at a premium tariff... [Pg.355]

Aero-derivative gas turbines are typically used for offshore applications where weight and efficiency are a premium, to drive compressors for natural gas pipelines, and stand-alone power generation applications for peak periods of high power demand. For stand-alone applications, gas turbine efficiency becomes a critical issue. However, if heat is to be recovered from the gas turbine exhaust, the efficiency becomes less important as the waste heat is utilized. [Pg.478]

Weather derivatives are another kind of financial instrument used by companies to hedge against the risk of weather-related losses. Weather derivatives pay out on a specified trigger, for example, temperature over a specified period rather than proof of loss. The investor providing a weather derivative charges the buyer a premium for access to capital. If nothing happens, then the investor makes a profit. [Pg.34]

The product from the glass-lined chlorinator is essentially iron-free and is estimated to yield a product quality premium of 1700 per year. Compare the two alternatives for a 10-year period. Assume the salvage value of 800 is valid at 10 years. [Pg.107]

Premium unleaded gasoline was delivered from this terminal to over 160 different service station locations during the two-week time period that customer complaints were received. Two additional barge loads of fuel were off-loaded into the same terminal storage tank during this two-week period. [Pg.3]

A less known but equally important impediment to stable environmental insurance markets (because of fhe long lag time between premium payment and damage claims) is erratic real interest rates. The political mismanagement of monefary and fiscal policy and fhe resulting inflation during the 1968-1979 period continue to affect real interest rates even today. [Pg.73]

Patents are essential to provide a long-term incentive to innovate. During the period of the patent s term, a pharmaceutical company can, within limits, exact a premium price or at least a parity price with comparable single-source products. In countries other than the U.S., prices and/or reimbursement levels are set directly or indirectly by governments. Consequently, prices in the U.S. are generally higher than the rest of the world. Additionally the American market is the only one in which the industry can raise prices over the products life-cycles. In other markets, once a price or reimbursement is set, that price will be at its maximum and further price increases are unattainable. [Pg.66]

The profits from a new product reach a peak before the time its sales are at a maximum, as illustrated in Figure D12. This is because, as stated above, a premium price can be obtained in the market until the point when competitive products arrive. From that point onwards prices start to drop even though the market size is growing. This is the period when there is maximum pressure to cut costs and to introduce more efficient manufacturing processes, work that should have been going on in R D since the product was first launched. It is also the time when a new product should be in the pipeline, ready for launch before profits and sales start to decline on maturity of the existing product. [Pg.246]


See other pages where Periodic premium is mentioned: [Pg.702]    [Pg.702]    [Pg.372]    [Pg.262]    [Pg.469]    [Pg.348]    [Pg.188]    [Pg.451]    [Pg.1018]    [Pg.133]    [Pg.79]    [Pg.249]    [Pg.78]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.138]    [Pg.52]    [Pg.17]    [Pg.622]    [Pg.443]    [Pg.62]    [Pg.348]    [Pg.231]    [Pg.236]    [Pg.240]    [Pg.31]    [Pg.234]    [Pg.29]    [Pg.372]    [Pg.469]    [Pg.115]    [Pg.263]    [Pg.101]    [Pg.120]    [Pg.123]    [Pg.324]    [Pg.184]    [Pg.188]    [Pg.2]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.695 ]




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