Perfumers products positioning

Would consumers be able to perform the same comparison tasks as the perfumers Would they arrive at the same product positioning, and would they be able to describe the fragrances with relevant attributes ... 

Even if similarities exist between perfumers and consumers perceptions of the products positioning, perfumers seemed more precise because they were able to distinguish more clusters on the 12 perfumes. 

In the Phillips neohexene process147 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene (8) is converted by cleavage with ethylene to neohexene (9) used in the production of a perfume musk. The starting material is commercial diisobutylene. Since it is a mixture of positional isomers (2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-l-pentene) and the latter (7) participates in degenerative metathesis, effective utilization of the process requires the isomerization of 7 into 8. A bifunctional catalyst system consisting of an isomerization catalyst (MgO) and a heterogeneous metathesis catalyst is employed 131... 

Perfumers must study the perfumes of the products that make up the market also in relation to their positioning. What fragrance types characterize baby soaps and distinguish them from family soaps Do the perfumes of the different brands of medicated soap have something in common What fragrance qualities set the premium priced products apart from the more common ones, heavy duty products from delicate ones The answers to questions such as these define the odor meanings and the odor language that prevail in a market. 

Takahashi and coworkers have employed intramolecular reactions of anions of unsaturated protected cyanohydrins to produce unsaturated carbocyclic systems containing 10-, 14- and 16-membered rings which are convertible into natural products. These reactions occur regiospecifically at the a-position and usually do not involve ( ) — ( isomerization of P,7-double bonds. The preparation of 2-cyclopen-tadecenone (155), which is convertible into the macrocyclic perfumes muscone and exaltone, is illustrative of this methodology (Scheme 76). 

A new era started for brand relaunches, which had been until then limited to claiming new perfumes [6], The development of products based on these double-active systems led to true product improvements and opened the door to the formulation of concentrated products. The first concentrates were introduced in the German market in 1979. Five years later, they were available in most other European countries and in North America. They contained about three times the usual level of softening actives and were usually positioned as extensions of the traditional brands. 

Johanson, J.D., Rastogi, S.C., Andersen, K.E., Meime, T., Content and reactivity to product perfumes in fragrance mix positive and negative eczema patients. A study of perfumes used in toileries and skin-care... 

The prefix epi is a convenient way to name chiral structures that are epimers of molecules with nonsystematic names. For example, ambrox (71) is a substance in ambergris, a whale product that was used in perfumes for hundreds of years. Researchers identified a synthetic isomer of ambrox that is epimeric at the 9 position and which offers even greater potential for use in perfume. This compoimd was named 9-cpi-ambrox (72), a designation that compactly specifies its structure in the context of the known parent compound. ... 

The GPA allowed positioning the 12 perfumes within two main dimensions (representing 67% variance). A hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was also performed to obtain clusters based on the product similarity (Fig. 19.2). 

However, some differences between the consumers and experts are also clearly visible. One of these differences is the relative position of the product [CocoMademoiseUeEP] another difference lies in the greater apparent discrimination between the perfumes as seen by the experts. 

Contact urticaria usually clears spontaneously repeated exposure may produce dermatitis (eczema). In addition, it may be associated with allergic contact dermatitis (type-IV hypersensitivity), von Krogh and Maibach [4] tested 67 patients for immediate and delayed hypersensitivity, and 22 (33%) developed a positive delayed response subsequent to the initial wheal-and-flare reaction. The responsible agents were food products, rubber latex, cinnamic aldehyde, para-aminodiphenylamine, ethylaminobenzoate, ammonium persulfate, teak, epoxy resin and lemon perfume. They suggested that the term contact dermatitis of immediate and delayed type be used for patients exhibiting both types of reactions in the test situation, whether the initial reaction is uncharacteristic, urticarial or vesicular [4]. 

De Groot et al. (1987) interviewed 1609 adult subjects and 196 (12%) reported reactions to various kinds of cosmetics and toiletries in the preceding 5 years. Sixty-nine of these (35% of the reactors and 4.3% of the total population) attributed their reactions to products used primarily for their smell (45, deodorants 16, aftershave 8, perfumes). In Denmark, 567 unselected individuals aged 15-69 years were tested with the fragrance mix, and 6 (1.1%) had a positive reaction (Nielsen and Menne 1992). The frequency of reactivity in men (1.1%) was identical to that in women (1.0%). 

In various studies, the relevance of positive patch-test reactions to the mix has been investigated (San-tucci et al. 1987 Frosch et al. 1995b Marks et al. 1995 Johansen et al. 1996). However, criteria were often not provided. In cases with concomitant positive reactions to perfumes or fragranced products used by the patient, interpretation of the reaction as relevant may be quite easy. Often, however, relevance may (correctly or incorrectly) only be assumed, as the role of fragrances likely cannot be excluded because of the ubiquitous occurrence of fragrances and multiple possible exposure moments from indirect contact, airborne exposure, inhalation or ingestion (flavors, spices). 

Nerolidol is a natural occurring aliphatic SQT-alcohol that possesses one chiral center in its structure it prevails as a mixture of its cis and trans-form. It is an isomer of famesol, from which it is distinguishable by a different position of one double bond and the hydroxyl-group. Nerolidol is a major component of EO extracted from many plants [50-52]. It has a woody aroma reminiscent of tree bark. It is used to enhance flavor and aroma and is also used as a fragrance in perfumes, cosmetics, shampoos, toilet soaps and, household products. [53]. 

Commonly, perfume development is performed by perfume houses who focus their development on product appeal needs. For example, perfumes used for deodorant products tend to be impactful and residual to skin to provide long-lived perfume on skin. A number of products are appearing on the market that are designed for individuals with sensitive skin. The perfume levels used in these sensitive-skin products are usually lower than for other soaps and are selected to mask the base odor of the soap while providing some soft perfume notes during use, reinforcing their mildness to or compatibility with skin. Irrespective of market position, perfume levels in soaps are typically in the range of 0.2-1.5%. 

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