Performance test output measurement

Many large petrochemical projects involve considerable investment. Plant output value can be measured in staggering amounts of money if value of lost production is calculated. An incorrect pressure switch installed on a compressor may have very little direct financial impact to a compressor manufacturer, but it can cause a loss to the user far in excess of the total value of the compressor package itself. Extra care must therefore be taken in compressor performance tests. In the planning of a pro- ject, testing has to be reviewed to ... 

Finally, the constructed micro-kinetic model must of course be tested against measurements performed with real catalysts. Figure 7.23 shows a plot of the calculated output from the reactor against experimental values. Apparently, the micro-kinetic model describes the situation very well. This does not prove that the model is correct since models based on another series of elementary steps might also work. 

For primer performance testing, primers are sealed in an air-tight test apparatus and initiated by dropping an 8 or 16 oz steel ball onto the primary explosive. Pressure transducers measure the output (Fig. 1.18c). 

Performance testing was conducted without soph isiticated gas analysis instrumentation. This might be best described as an engineering rather than scientific approach. Measured output divided by measured input is a practical means for determining system efficiency. This is entirely compatible with the objective of rapidly developing a practical machine for commercial utilization. 

Static performance measurements related to positioner/ac tuator operation are conformity, measured accuracy, hysteresis, dead baud, repeatability, and locked stem-pressure gain. Definitions and standardized test procedures for determining these measurements can be found in ISA-S75.13-1989, Method of Evaluating the Performance of Positioners with Analog Input Signals and Pneumatic Output . 

The PTC 22 establishes a limit of uncertainty of each measurement required the overall uncertainty must then be calculated in accordance with the procedures defined in ASME PTC 19.1 Measurement Uncertainty. The code requires that the typical uncertainties be within a 1.1% for the Power Output, and 0.9% in the heat rate calculations. It is very important that the post-test uncertainty analysis should be also performed to assure the parties that the actual test has met the requirement of the code. 

Some of the brisant primers emit pressure pulses of sufficient magnitude to give measurable results in either the sand test or the Pb-disc test. Although many of these quantities are related to some aspects of primer performance, insofar as output is concerned, no general quantitative relationship of overall value has been-developed which can be used as a means of acceptance... 

RISK FOR INEFFECTIVE TISSUE PERFUSION RENAL When the patient is taking a drag tiiat is potentially toxic to die kidneys, die nurse must carefully monitor fluid intake and output. In some instances, die nurse may need to perform hourly measurements of die urinary output. Periodic laboratory tests are usually ordered to monitor the patient s response to therapy and to detect toxic drag reactions. Seram creatinine levels and BUN levels are checked frequentiy during the course of therapy to monitor kidney function. If the BUN exceeds 40 mg dL or if the serum creatinine level exceeds 3 mg cIL, the primary health care provider may discontinue the drug therapy or reduce the dosage until renal function improves. 

The nurse must carefully monitor fluid intake and output because this drug may be nephrotoxic (harmful to the kidneys). In some instances, the nurse may need to perform hourly measurements of the urinary output. Periodic laboratory tests are usually ordered to monitor the patient s response to therapy and detect toxic drug reactions. 

Continual cardiac monitoring assists the nurse in assessing the patient for adverse drug reactions. If the patient is acutely ill or is receiving one of these drugs par-enterally, the nurse measures and records the fluid intake and output. The primary health care provider may order subsequent laboratory tests to monitor the patient s progress for comparison with tests performed in the preadministration assessment, such as an ECG, renal and hepatic function tests, complete blood count, serum enzymes, and serum electrolytes. The nurse reports to the primary care provider any abnormalities or significant... 

In the cases where liquid formulations are applied, calibration is normally performed by collecting the output volume over a given time period. Generally a minimum of three such measurements should be taken in order to estimate output consistency. Where output is collected from multiple nozzles or outlets, each nozzle or outlet should be evaluated in order to ensure uniformity of output across all the nozzles or outlets. If the deviation from the manufacturer s recommended value is not within 5% (or the value specified in an appropriate SOP), the nozzle or outlet should be replaced. The use of a patternator allows the droplet distribution pattern of the nozzles or outlets to be measured accurately, and this check should be conducted annually. Having estimated the output of the equipment, the time required to treat a specific area with a known quantity of test item solution can be calculated. 

Determination of moisture content is described in Section 8, ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES, ETC", where are listed numerous US Military Specifications. These specs contain also a brief description of required physical tests. Before describing the specification requirement tests, a resume is given of "Measuring Techniques" of fuze explosive components, as discussed in NOLTR 1111(1952), pp 9-1 to 9-56 (Ref 11) The mea surement of fuze component performance consists mainly of a determination of (a) the input characteristics, and (b) the output characteristics... 

Both these factors - increased testing and additional uncertainty, will reduce the output of research and development in the chemical industry (if measured by numbers of new chemicals marketed) that would likely be achieved in their absence. It is an undeniable fact that the market for some low volume, specialty chemicals will not be sufficient to justify the expenditure necessary to perform adequate health and safety testing. It would be foolish of me to stand before you and deny this. 

We tried three methods to quantify the taste of the foodstuffs. The first method is to compare output patterns between test solution and the mixed solutions by performing many measurements of various mixed solutions (Figure 10) [22], The taste of commercial aqueous drink was reproduced by blending four basic taste substances (HC1, NaCl, quinine, sucrose) so that the response pattern could get closest to that of an aqueous drink. With this attempt, the best combination of the concentrations of basic taste substances was obtained 2 mM HC1, 50 mM NaCl, 0.2 mM quinine and 100 mM sucrose. This mixed solution produced almost the same taste as the aqueous drink. 

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