Peptide oligonucleotides

High performance capillary electrophoresis was introduced originally as an analytical tool. Now that instruments are equipped with automated fraction collection, however, capillary electrophoresis can be used for micropreparative collection of individual peaks separated from a mixture. Using the fraction collection feature, nanomolar amounts of solute such as proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides can be collected in amounts sufficient for microsequencing. An intersample washing procedure and use of well-formed capillaries aid in the prevention of artifacts.44... 

For small molecules, natural products, peptides, oligonucleotides, gene vectors, recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies ... 

Marchan, V., Ortega, S., Pulido, D., Pedroso, E., and Grandas, A. (2006) Diels-Alder cycloadditions in water for the straightforward preparation of peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates. Nucleic Acids Res. 34(3), e24. 

Proteins, Peptides, Oligonucleotides Separation, Purification Reversed Phase disks [66]... 

With the development of appropriate cartridges and proper chemistry that would allow the synthesis of the molecule on the disk and than the use of the same disk directly for affinity chromatography by placing it in a chromatographic cartridge, it is reasonable to expect that SMC will become a very efficient tool in the solid phase synthesis of peptides, oligonucleotides, and similar molecules. 

Eritja R, Pons A, Escarceller M, et al. Synthesis of defined peptide-oligonucleotide hybrids containing a nuclear transport signal sequence. Tetrahedron 1991 47 4113-4120. 

Most analytes investigated in ACE, such as proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, and drugs, can be analyzed in ESI-MS with fairly good to pretty good responses. Only surfactants may cause problems, as discussed earlier. 

Changes to the final intermediates and the resulting API will be covered in the BACPAC II guidance document. Postapproval changes affecting peptides, oligonucleotides, radiopharmaceuticals, natural materials, and semisynthetic APIs are not covered by BACPAC at the present time. 

One of the main motivations behind the renewed interest in ocular iontophoresis in recent years is the growing need for delivery systems that can enhance the ocular penetration of proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, and plasmids, as these compounds are relatively impermeable charged macromolecules that fit in the methodology of electrically assisted penetration. The feasibility and the potential of using ocular iontophoresis to enhance the intraocular delivery of oligonucleotides and plasmids were shown in several studies [201-204]. 

Different polyethylene glycol polymers were used in various papers and proved to be very reliable and useful for different classes of molecules their use for the synthesis of peptides [180, 181], of peptidomimetics [182] and of oligosaccharide libraries [183] was reported as the development and the use of a new PEG-linked traceless linker [184, 185], the selection of ligands for asymmetric Sharpless dihydroxylation [186-188], the use of PEG-linked triarylphosphines for LPCS requiring Mitsunobu or Staudinger conditions [189], the use of PEG-based supports to prepare a library of [l,4]oxazepine-7-ones [190] and the use of PEG-supported Schiff bases for the synthesis of a-substituted amino acids [191], Other examples of soluble polymers used for LPCS may include cellulose[192], polyacrylamide [193] polyvinyl alcohol [194, 195], various copolymers [196, 197] and NCPS [198-200]. Three excellent reviews [201-203] summarized the properties of PEG and other soluble polymers and their applications to the synthesis of peptides, oligonucleotides,... 

While PEG-based supports are widely used for liquid-phase combinatorial chemistry, other non-PEG-based soluble polymers have also been reported for combinatorial applications. A recent review (276) contains an exhaustive list of homo- and copolym-eric soluble supports used in peptide, oligonucleotide, and oligosaccharide synthesis, including combinatorial chemistry. Two of these supports have also been used for small organic molecule synthesis. Homopolymeric polyvinyl alcohol was used in conjunction with PEG for a protection/derivatization strategy in solution (284), and the copolymer between isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid was used in the catalytic hydrogenation of a Cbz group (285). 

The stepwise synthesis of peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates has been re-ported. The synthesis makes use of (+)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol which is tethered to a solid support through the central hydroxyl group, with Fmoc... 

Biological/biotechnologiccd, peptide, oligonucleotides, radiopharmaceuticals, fermentation and semi-synthetic products derived therefrom, herbal products, cmd crude products of cmimal or plant origin are not covered. 

This classification does not apply to biological/biotechnological, peptide, oligonucleotide, radiopharmaceutical, fermentation and semisynthetic products derived therefrom, herbal products, and crude products of animal or plant origin. 

There has also been considerable interest in the use of MS/MS to sequence oligonucleotides. In a similar fashion to peptides, oligonucleotides possess both basic (i.e., the nucleobase sites) and acidic (i.e., the phosphate sites) functional groups. They readily form [M + H]+ and [M - H] ions under ESI conditions, which can be subjected to CID to yield the partial to complete sequence information. The sequence ion nomenclature of McLuckey [43] has gained widespread acceptance (Scheme 11). 

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