Pentachlorophenol PCP

PCP is irritant to skin, mucosa and eyes, however, does not cause sensitization. 

001 mg/m is recommended as an occupational exposure limit, because of the suspicion that PCP is carcinogenic. 

in the past one of the most important microbicides for the protection of materials, has been for many years under discussion because of its toxicity, especially its dangerous percutaneous effects, its ecotoxicity and its persistence. Today the pressure for substitution becomes effective and the application of PCP is really on the decline. Considerable quantities are still used for wood protection only, in particular for the protection of freshly cut and sawn timber against coloration through mould growth. 

The minimum inhibition concentrations of PCP listed in Table 55 demonstrate its extraordinary broad and equalized activity spectrum. Moreover PCP exhibits strong algicidal effectiveness in concentrations of 2.5-5 mg/1. It is indeed more than a simple microbicide, namely a biocide that is also highly toxic for plants, fish, molluscs, insects and mammals. 

Microbicide group (substance class) Chemical name Chemical name Structural formula 

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Phosphorothioic acid, o, o-dlethyl-o- 4-nitrophenyl) ester) Pentachlorophenol (PCP)... 

Corrective Action Application Case 1 - A spill occurred at the Houston Chemical Company (located in Texas County, Missouri) in June 1979 (U.S. EPA, 1984). An estimated 15,000 gallons of a 5 percent solution of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in diesel oil was released as shown in Figure 27. The emergency physical cleanup operations performed at the site were ... 

TJesticides derived from chlorinated phenols (Table I) are among the most prominent of those currently in worldwide use. Several major herbicides have been applied in large quantities in subtropical locations. Cahfornia used more than 1,200,000 pounds of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its derivatives in 1970 (I) Hawaii consumed some 465,000 pounds of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in 1968 (2), and the amount of combined butyl esters of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) released in one area of Cambodia during two months of 1969 was estimated to exceed 77,000 pounds (3). 

Cholinesterase activity in red cells Pentachlorophenol (PCP) Discretionary 70% of individual s baseline B, Ns,... 

Colosio, C., Maroni, M., Barcellini, W., Meroni, P., Alcini, D., Colombi, A., Cavallo, D., and Foa, V. (1993b) Toxicological and immune findings in workers exposed to pentachlorophenol (PCP). Archives of Environmental Health, 48(2) 81-88. 

The testing includes test for prohibited azo dyes, pentachlorophenol (PCP), formaldehyde and heavy metals. 

TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP), in order of abundance. Minor amounts of other trichlorophenols and dichlorophenols may also be present, as well as recalcitrant polychlorinated phenoxyphenols (PCPPs) and PCDD/Fs as impurities [75, 76]. In Finland, approximately 30,000 tons of CP products were used between 1934 and 1988, when they were banned because of their potential toxicity to humans and the environment [77, 78]. The careless manufacturing and application of wood preservatives together with the lack of suitable waste disposal caused massive contamination of river sediments and sawmill sites. For example, the river Kymijoki in southern Finland was identified as the largest source of dioxins accumulating in fish in the entire Baltic area. Similar products were used in other European countries, especially Nordic countries with a large forestry industry, such as Sweden [79]. 

Calculated Zw values and some partition coefficients at different environmental pHs for pentachlorophenol (PCP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and p-cresol at 25°C. Kaw is the air-water partition coefficient and Ksw is the soil-water partition coefficient... 

Figures 1.7.15 to 1.7.18 show the mass distributions obtained in Level I calculations and the removal distribution from Level II fugacity calculation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) at two different environmental pHs for the generic...

The Level I calculations for environmental pHs of 5.1 and 7 suggest that if 100,000 kg (100 tonnes) of pentachlorophenol (PCP) are introduced into the 100,000 km2 environment, most PCP will tend to be associated with soil. This is especially the case at low pH when the protonated form dominates. Very little partitions into air and only about 1% partitions into water. Soil contains most of the PCP. Sediments contain about 2%. There is evidence of bioconcentration with a rather high fish concentration. Note that only four media (air, water, soil and bottom sediment) are depicted in the pie chart therefore, the sum of the percent distribution figures is slightly less than 100%. The air-water partition coefficient is very low. As pH increases, dissociation increases and there is a tendency for partitioning to water to become more important. Essentially, the capacity of water for the chemical increases. Partitioning to air is always negligible. 

Lethal and sublethal effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on selected species of aquatic organisms... 

Geyer, H.J., I. Scheunert, and F. Korte. 1987. Distribution and bioconcentration potential of the environmental chemical pentachlorophenol (PCP) in different tissues of humans. Chemosphere 16 887-899. 

Holmberg, B., S. Jensen, A. Larsson, K. Lewander, and M. Olsson. 1972. Metabolic effects of technical pentachlorophenol (PCP) on the eel Anguilla anguilla L. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 43B 171-183. 

Kerkvliet, N.I., L. Baecher-Steppan, and J.A. Schmitz. 1982. Immunotoxicity of pentachlorophenol (PCP) increased susceptibility to tumor growth in adult mice fed technical PCP-contaminated diets. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 62 55-64. 

Polin, D., B. Olson, S. Bursian, and E. Lehning. 1986. Enhanced withdrawal from chickens of hexachloroben-zene (HCB) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) by colestipol, mineral oil, and/or restricted feeding. Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 19 359-368. 

Renner, G. and C. Hopfer. 1990. Metabolic studies on pentachlorophenol (PCP) in rats. Xenobiotica 20 573-582. 

Ziemsen, B., J. Angerer, and G. Lehnert. 1987. Sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal breakage in pentachlorophenol (PCP) exposed workers. Ini. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 59 413 417. 

Daniel, V. et al, Association of elevated blood levels of pentachlorophenol (PCP) with cellular and humoral immunodeficiencies, Arch. Environ. Health, 56, 77, 2001. 

Among all chlorophenols, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) are listed as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (IRIS electronic database) and the EU [256]. In particular, PCP has been classified as a B2 probable carcinogen for humans from animal toxicity studies and human clinical data. 

Dioxins were detected in the GPCR product gas in tests with pentachlorophenol (PCP)-spiked wood,... 

Pentachlorophenol(PCP) is a versatile pesticide widely used as an insecticide, herbicide or fungicide. In Japan, PCP was produced approximately 15,000 ton/year from 1962 to 1970 and used mostly in the summer-time as a herbicide in paddyfields which were filled with water at a depth of few inches. The PCP applied to paddyfields easily flowed out of the fields to rivers and coastal area due to unexpected heavy rainfalls, resulting in a high mortality of fish and shellfish. The use of PCP in Japan was restricted in 1971 by the Government because of its high toxicity to fish. 

The fungal enzyme from R. praticola was able to catalyze the oxidative coupling of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and syringic acid, a representative of phenol carboxylic acids from lignin occurring in HS structures. 

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