Pediatric patient antimicrobials

R. Steele and G. Kearns, Antimicrobial therapy for pediatric patients, Pediatr, Clin, North Am., 36,1321 (1989). 

Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy for Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients ... 

It has also been reported that patients with allergic-like events after penicillin treatment have had a markedly risk of events after subsequent cephalosporin antibiotics. Cross-reactivity is not an adequate explanation for this increased risk and the data obtained indicate that cephalosporins can be considered for patients with penicillin allergy <2006MI354.ell>. Comparisons of parenteral broad-spectrum cephalosporins have been tested against bacteria isolated from pediatric patients. The results have indicated that cefepime has been the most broad-spectrum cephalosporin analyzed and it is a very potent alternative for the treatment of contemporary pediatric infections in North America <2007MI109>. The historical safety of the most commonly used oral cephalosporins has been reviewed <2007MIS67>. The antimicrobial spectrum and in vitro potency of the most frequently prescribed orally administered cephalosporins (cefaclor, cefdinir, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, cefuroxime axetil and cephalexin has also been reviewed <2007MIS5>. 

Schaefer, H.G., Stass, H., Wedgwood, J., Hampel, B., Fischer, C., Kuhlmann, J., and Schaad, U.B. Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1996 40 29-34. 

Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Jones RN, et al. Trends in antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. isolated from pediatric and adult patients with bloodstream infection SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997-2000. J Clin Microbiol 2002 40 852-856. 

It has been estimated that every year between 5 and 10% of patients admitted to hospitals in the United States and Europe will acquire an infection that was not present before they were admitted to the hospital [1]. A number of these nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections lead to the patient s death at one extreme or, at the least, require additional antimicrobial chemotherapy. Among critically ill patients, the prevalence of hospital-acquired infection can reach 50% in intensive care units, where patients remain for prolonged periods, often undergoing invasive therapeutic support, such as mechanical ventilation. Within hospitals, the surgical and medical wards usually have the highest infection rates, while pediatric and neonatal services have the lowest. 

Paddock HN, Eabia R, Giles S, et al. A silver impregnated antimicrobial dressing reduces hospital costs for pediatric bum patients. J Paediatr Surg 2007 42(l) 211-3. 

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